A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used

A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used The starting improvement of memory helper begins with an artist named Simonides of Ceos in fifth century B.C. This mental helper concocted by the Greeks for memory preparing around 2500 years back. The Greek verse writer Simonides, conceived in 556 B.C., is credited with imagining memory helpers. His creation have extraordinary advantage thought us, numerous individuals achievement is on the grounds that utilizing this mental helper strategy. There do numerous kinds of memory helpers gadget exist and which type works best is constrained distinctly by the creative mind of every individual student. Here are the 9 fundamental kinds of mental helpers gadget introduced in this paper incorporate Music, Name, Expression/Word, Model, Ode/Rhyme, Note Organization, Image, Connection, and Spelling Mnemonics. Mental aides are memory gadgets that assist students with recalling bigger parts of data, particularly as records like attributes, steps, stages, parts, stages, and so forth. Mental helpers gadget attempt to change data into a structure that the human cerebrum can recollect superior to its unique structure. Despite the fact that the way toward applying this change may as of now help the exchange of data to long haul memory however this is still advantage to student. The mental aide ordinarily practice for records and in auditoryâ form, for example, short poems,â acronyms, or noteworthy expressions, yet memory aides can likewise be for different kinds of data and in visual or sensation structures. This gadget use depends on the assessment that the human mind all the more effectively recalls many type of data. In our day by day, we need to recall everything. In school, we need to recall all the information about subject; in work environment, we need to recollect all the data about our assignment, so as to recall this whole thing we need to discover what strategy can improve our memory. In my model, I am scarcely to spell â€Å"mnemonic†, so I utilize the idea o f mental helper and make my assertion, which is â€Å"Mnemonic Notes Effective Memorized on New Ideas Creativity†. From my creation, I realize that each first letter for each word is â€Å"Mnemonic†. Utilizing this technique, we not exclusively can explain those troublesome words and furthermore can recall it. Memory aide assume a significant job in our day by day life, despite the fact that it is significant, it despite everything has their impediments or points of interest and weaknesses. For the upside of memory aides is it give a technique to assist us with reviewing those data which is hard to recall. In addition, it include improving or rebuilding data that help our customize data to turn into a brilliant student. Other than that, it additionally builds our enthusiasm to concentrate by making my approach to learn with data. Ultimately, mental aides will assist us with investing less energy in recovering our data in long haul memory when we appropriately use it. C lose to points of interest, memory aides additionally have some constraint. On the off chance that an individual uses memory helpers too much of the time, the person will have disarray on their learning procedure. For instance, we utilize mental helper to recollect troublesome word, yet the person in question who too broadly utilizing memory helper will utilize this strategy on each word regardless of the word is troublesome or not. This difficult will happen on the individuals who also depend on memory helpers. Also, this memory helper need more opportunity to rehearse, make and learn. On the off chance that somebody despite everything can't comprehend the training, which imply that the individual is simply sitting around idly to rehearse it.

Breastfeeding and Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 47

Breastfeeding and Population - Assignment Example The mother additionally loses the security against the advancement of ovarian and bosom disease that breastfeeding can give, in a later life. Latest investigations have delineated bosom and ovarian malignant growth as the best populace drawbacks to the female populace. There are various techniques, which are utilized to urge moms to breastfeed their kids. For instance, lactation amenorrhea, which identifies with normal baby blues ripeness that happens when a lady isn't bleeding, is one of the methodologies utilized to urge moms to breastfeed their infants. Through this, breastfeeding is viewed as a populace control method where ladies, in the immature nations, are extensively encouraged to breastfeed for a half year solely, by their administration and other non-legislative associations. Most moms additionally have various legends related with pregnancy particularly in the rustic settings. For instance, breastfeeding can't be depended upon to forestall pregnancy, which obviously isn't the situation on the grounds that different logical investigations and tests have demonstrated this without a doubt valid. Moms, along these lines, are constantly encouraged to breastfeed their kids only through certain exact models to give flawless outcomes. In some high-salary nations, similar to Australia, ladies don't only breastfeed babies for the necessary time of a half year as specified by the World Health Organization. As a rule, they will in general lean toward an early continuous presentation of different types of nourishment like the newborn child equations because of employment pre-occupation consequently no time for the infant.

5 Screenwriting Tips I Learned From Stranger Things

5 Screenwriting Tips I Learned From Stranger Things When the Duffer Brothers released Stranger Things on Netflix, no one could have predicted the massive cult following the show would receive. With the first episode airing July 15, 2016, Chapter One: The Vanishing of Will Byers, Stranger Things mix of 80s nostalgia and horror was nominated for Best Drama for the Critics Choice awards in its first year. Since 2016, the show has been nominated or has won several Screen Actors Guild Awards, and took home 2017s award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.Stranger Things Joyce Byers, Jonathan Byers, and Nancy Wheeler waiting to hear from Will Byers in the upside down.A dynamic mix of 80s classics like Firestarter, The Goonies, E.T., Stand By Me, and A Nightmare on Elm Street (among others), Stranger Things combines humor, horror and childhood in a way that hits home for its audienceâ€"especially an audience steeped in 80s pop culture. As one of my favorite examples of how to write an original screenplay, here are fiv e screenwriting tips I learned from Stranger Things.1. Introduce characters through conflictRight at the beginning of the first episode of the series, audiences of Stranger Things meet an ensemble of major characters that are all uniquely important to the story. Were first introduced to the boys who would be the main cast. Will Byers, Dustin Henderson, Lucas Sinclair, and Mike Wheeler are playing a game of Dungeons and Dragons and there is immediate conflict in the campaign they are playing. This back-and-forth dialogue between the boys sets up their characters perfectly, allowing the audience to immediately determine which character is the comic relief, leader, follower, and pragmatic one.Throughout this first episode, all of the major characters are introduced in this wayâ€"through a point of conflict with another major character. These conflict-heavy pairings not only move the plot forward in an interesting way, they allow the audience to understand the strengths and weaknesses o f each character through a simple moment of conflict with another (or others). In that way, were given a lot of characterization in a short amount of time, which also helps create immediate empathy for them.Conflict assists in characterization in the opening scenes of Stranger Things2. Dont be afraid of redemptive character arcsNo doubt, Stranger Things starts out with some very fallible, imperfect heroes. Chief Hopper is a great example, as we first see him in the role of a small-town cop who has too many vices, too early in the morning. We get the feeling that hes a wounded man from the first episode, and later find out that he lost a young daughter and is still grieving that loss.His character arc, however, is one of the most redemptive in the series. From these early scenes of Chief Hopper in the fog of depression and addiction to the most recent scenes at the end of season 2, his arc has been one of unlikely hero to decided hero to the Byers family (and Joyce in particular). He then redeems himself further by becoming a surrogate father for El (Eleven), who he protects like his own daughter.El is another character with a redemptive character arc, as she is ultimately responsible for the Demogorgons presence in Hawkins, yet saves the town (and Will Byers) from the same monster. In this dual role of cause and savior, Els motivation to save her friends is believable and effective as a turning point in her characters role. She is angry at the people who experimented on her and achieves justice against Hawkins Laboratory by the end in destroying its research and forcing it to shut down at the close of the second season.Then theres Steve, who is almost unlikeable at the beginning of the series but becomes one of the most heroic figures of the plot by the end of season 2. His surrogate parenting of Dustin wins him huge empathy points among fans, not to mention his honest care and concern for Nancy, despite their break-up.Another subtler, yet highly redemptive ch aracter arc, is that of Will Byers, whose character became much more important in season 2. In season 1, we see him as a scared little boy whose role is mostly offscreen, and a victim of the evils Hawkins National Laboratory was bringing into the area. However, by the end of season 2, he has survived a complete possession encounter with the terrifying new monster, the Mind Flayer, and is the only one who still understands at the end the possibility that the monster is not as far away as it seems. In this sense, his character arc from scared victim to courageous survivor is one of the most redemptive arcs of the series.Will Byers character arc moves from him being a scared victim to a courageous survivor.3. Sometimes less is more with dialogueDuring most scenes involving El, her dialogue is limited at best (sometimes humorously so). However, through great screenwriting and casting, the writers of Stranger Things managed to reveal a lot about her character with very few words used. He r meaningful glances, the powerful image of a nosebleed following her use of telepathic powers, and the way she participates in the narrative without saying much at all bring to mind similar characters, such as E.T. or Charlie (played by a young Drew Barrymore) in Stephen Kings Firestarter.This limited dialogue forces the audience to really focus when a character does speak, and to watch closely the physical responses that character gives. In this sense, the character maintains a sense of mystery and importance, simply by saying as few words as possible.4. Dont forget the power of kids to carry a storyThe movies that Stranger Things draws on are predominantly stories of kids in a world with mostly absent adults. These depictions of childhood friendships appeal to the nostalgic viewers who remember the confusion and harder lessons involved in growing up, particularly when adults were not available or were overworked. It another sense, it reminds viewers of a time much different than the present, when kids could roam freely on bicycles and enjoy a level of autonomy that modern-day parents find difficult to grant.There is also an increased emotional appeal when a story is narrated through the perspective of children or adolescents. One of the screenwriters first goals is to convince the audience to feel empathy for the characters introduced, particularly the main characters. This goal is easily accomplished when the main characters are children or adolescents. Adults watching the story are automatically empathetic to most child characters out of a sense of protectiveness. Add to that the nostalgia and emotions involved with remembering what it was like to be in that childs place, and a screenwriter invites a powerhouse punch of empathy right from the beginning.Finally, telling a story from a childs point of view helps increase the horror aspect if that is the genre youre aiming for. Seeing a monster as an adult is one thingâ€"seeing it from the point of view of a child puts us right back into that primal state of fear we felt as children facing an uncertain world, and the tension is increased.Stranger Things use of the preteen and adolescent points-of-view add emotional appeal to the story (and increase the horror effect).5. Dont be afraid to mix genresIve written often about Blake Snyders Save The Cat! Series, and Stranger Things is a great example of how a genre-mixing/genre-bending screenplay can work. Anyone who is familiar with Snyders ten story patterns or every story type ever told for film will immediately recognize Stranger Things as falling in the Monster in the House category.According to Snyder, when it comes to story patterns, Monster in the House is one of the oldest….and most primal. He also notes that in order for a film to fall into this category, there should be three components: 1) a monster, 2) a house, and 3) a sin.Stranger Things Demogorgon definitely qualifies as a monster. Much of the characters interaction with th e monster takes place in Joyce Byers house. And finally, there is the awful truth of experiments on children that were taking place in Hawkins National Laboratory, under the guidance of Dr. Martin Brenner (the sin).But wait…Stranger Things also has elements of Snyders Buddy Love pattern (between Mike and Eleven), Golden Fleece (in which a team sets out on an adventure and are transformed in the process), and even Whydunit (as Chief Hopper searches for the missing Will Byers and his search takes a dark turn). The Duffer Brothers genre-mixing storytelling approach keeps audiences engaged in Stranger Things for a large part simply because it reminds them of so many other great stories within those genres that are represented.ConclusionUltimately, Stranger Things is a lesson in what can go right in original screenplays when you draw on nostalgiaâ€"particularly pop culture references, a soundtrack reminiscent of the technology of the 80s, and references to the childhood of an audience that likely still pines for it in many ways. Most importantly, it gives us characters we care aboutâ€"set in a time we feel a lot of emotion towards. Its this extra appeal of emotion that makes Stranger Things the valuable lesson for screenwriters that it is. So, dont be afraid to make it part of your screenplay.

American Civil War Surrender at Appomattox

Having been forced from Petersburg on April 2, 1865, General Robert E. Lee retreated west with his Army of Northern Virginia. With his situation desperate, Lee sought to re-supply before moving south to North Carolina to join with General Joseph Johnston. Marching during the night of April 2 into  the morning of April 3, the Confederates intended to rendezvous at Amelia Court House where supplies and rations were expected. As Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant was forced to pause to occupy Petersburg and Richmond, Lee was able to put some space between the armies. Arriving at Amelia on April 4, Lee found trains loaded with munitions but none with food. Forced to pause, Lee sent out forage parties, asked the local populace for aid, and ordered food sent east from Danville along the railroad. Having secured Petersburg and Richmond, Grant pushed forward forces under Major General Philip Sheridan to pursue Lee. Moving west, Sheridans Cavalry Corps, and attached infantry fought several rearguard actions with the Confederates and road ahead in an effort to cut the railroad in front of Lee. Learning that Lee was concentrating at Amelia, he began moving his men towards the town. Disaster at Saylers Creek Having lost his lead on Grants men and believing his delay to be fatal, Lee departed Amelia on April 5 despite securing little food for his men. Retreating west along the railroad towards Jetersville, he soon found that Sheridans men had arrived there first. Stunned as this development precluded a direct march to North Carolina, Lee elected not to attack due to the late hour and instead conducted a night march to the north around the Union left with the goal of reaching Farmville where he believed supplies to be waiting. This movement was spotted around dawn and Union troops resumed their pursuit (Map). The next day, Lees army suffered a crushing reverse when elements were badly defeated at the Battle of Saylers Creek. The defeat saw him lose around a quarter of his army, as well as several generals, including Lieutenant General Richard Ewell. Seeing the survivors of the fight streaming west, Lee exclaimed, My God, has the army dissolved? Consolidating his men at Farmville early on April 7, Lee was able to partially re-provision his men before being forced out by early afternoon. Moving west, Lee hoped to reach supply trains that were waiting at Appomattox Station. Trapped This plan was dashed when Union cavalry under Major General George A. Custer arrived in the town and burned the trains. As Lees army concentrated at Appomattox Court House on April 8, Union cavalry assumed blocking positions on a ridge southwest of the town. Seeking to end the campaign, Grant had three infantry corps march through the night to be in a position to support the cavalry. Hoping to reach the railroad in Lynchburg, Lee met with his commanders on April 8 and decided to attack west the next morning with the goal of opening the road. At dawn on April 9, Major General John B. Gordons Second Corps began assaulting Sheridans cavalry. Pushing back the first line, their attack began to slow as they engaged the second. Reaching the crest of the ridge, Gordons men were discouraged to see the Union XXIV and V Corps deployed for battle. Unable to advance against these forces, Gordon informed Lee, Tell General Lee I have fought my corps to a frazzle, and I fear I can do nothing unless I am heavily supported by Longstreets corps. This was not possible as Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps was coming under attack by the Union II Corps. Grant Lee Meet With his army surrounded on three sides, Lee accepted the inevitable stating, Then there is nothing left for me to do but to go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths. While most of Lees officers favored surrender, others did not fear that it would lead to the end of the war. Lee also sought to prevent his army from melting away to fight on as guerrillas, a move that he felt would have long-term harm for the country. At 8:00 AM Lee rode out with three of his aides to make contact with Grant. Several hours of correspondence ensued which led to a ceasefire and a formal request from Lee to discuss surrender terms. The home of Wilmer McLean, whose house in Manassas had served as Confederate headquarters during the First Battle of Bull Run, was selected to host the negotiations. Lee arrived first, wearing his finest dress uniform and awaited Grant. The Union commander, who had been suffering a bad headache, arrived late, wearing a worn privates uniform with only his shoulder straps denoting his rank. Overcome by the emotion of the meeting, Grant had difficulty getting to the point, preferring to discuss his previous meeting with Lee during the Mexican-American War. Lee steering the conversation back to the surrender and Grant laid out his terms. Grants terms for the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia were as follows: I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of N. Va. on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate. One copy to be given to an officer designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery and public property to be parked and stacked and turned over to the officer appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside. In addition, Grant also offered to allow the Confederates to take home their horses and mules for use in the spring planting. Lee accepted Grants generous terms and the meeting ended. As Grant rode away from the McLean house, the Union troops began to cheer. Hearing them, Grant immediately ordered it stopped, stating he did not want his men exalting over their recently defeated foe. The Surrender The next day, Lee gave his men a farewell address and talks moved forward regarding the formal surrender ceremony. Though the Confederates wished to avoid such an event, it moved forward under the guidance of Major General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. Led by Gordon, 27,805 Confederates marched to surrender two days later. During their procession, in a moving scene, Chamberlain ordered the Union troops to attention and carry arms as a sign of respect for the vanquished foe. This salute was returned by Gordon. With the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, other Confederate armies began to surrender around the South. While Johnston surrendered to Major General William T. Sherman on April 26, other Confederate commands remained operational until capitulating in May and June. Sources National Park Service: Appomattox Court HouseThe Battle of Appomattox Court HouseCWPT: Appomattox Court House

Tax Implications of E-Commerce in Nigeria - 4601 Words

ABSTRACT This paper examines the Tax Implications of E-Commerce. The issue of e-commerce and its tax implications continues to receive a high level of attention because of the fast growth of e-commerce activities. In the emerging global economy, e-commerce has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. The integration of information and communications technology (ICT) in business has revolutionized relationships within organizations and those between and among organizations and individuals. Specifically, the use of ICT in business has enhanced productivity, encouraged greater customer participation, and enabled mass customization, besides reducing costs. Even before the†¦show more content†¦Countries might differ over where the presence of a facility, the location of customers, the passage of title or a number of other factors determines where the income arises. E-Commerce facilitates cross-border transactions and as a mechanism has particular relevance to international taxation. Consequently according to Li, Jinyan(2003) while e-commerce might not introduce any new problems, it is apparent that any problem already associated with an inability to synchronize or inter-relate a variety of disparate taxing systems became exacerbated by a model that facilitates the very types of transactions that result in such problems in the first instance. A fundamental change in existing tax rules does not appear to be requisite. However internet and e-commerce has increased the need for efficient and equitable tax treatments of firms operating in multiple tax jurisdictions. Current procedure used by most countries to allocate the tax base between jurisdictions and to avoid double taxation through a network of more than 1,500 bilateral double taxation treaties, is not only cumbersome, but will also come under increasing pressure as the scope and volume of cross border activities expand sharply. This is because the double taxation treaties are based on the assumption of national sovereignty in tax policy, which will become less relevant as globalization progresses. Most discussions with respect toShow MoreRelatedBusiness and Small Scale Industries9686 Words   |  39 PagesTHE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Ayozie Daniel Ogechukwu, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, The Federal Polyt echnic, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria has been classified as small, medium and large. 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Outcome Blank Free Essays

Which song you would like today ? 2. Identify regulatory requirements what underpin a positive environment for children and young people. In my setting we working with different activities such as: We had two activities for mothers Samba and Yoga class every Wednesday besides Cryache services. We will write a custom essay sample on Outcome Blank or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cryache works with the child in two session: In the morning when the child arrive we do activities to be play and snack time, in the afternoon the child to learning Speech and Language assessment and remedial help, this activity we works with children +2 years old. Also we art therapy, dance and movement therapy, chronological therapy, safe space to families when mothers receive information about abuse or domestic violence. These activities we use regulatory’ ECMA and EYES with the children, in the other hand, the safe space in my setting work with CAR-SACS regulatory. Outcome 2 – Be able to support a positive environment that meets the individual needs of children and young people. Assessment Criteria 1 Meet and greet children and young people in a way that welcomes them onto the work setting. When the child arrive at centre one person open the door for him with your parent, then this person give welcome, ask open question, then when the parent living in the child, we star sing welcome song with the children where every child learning the names together. 2 Provide opportunities for children and young people to engage in activities of choice. In my setting we have AnD Space, when we offering therapeutic help for school children aged 4 to 13 years through, the use of art therapy and drama therapy. O Individual sessions Small group work 3 Provide activities and resources to meet the individual needs or children and young people. How to cite Outcome Blank, Papers

Outcome Blank Free Essays

Which song you would like today ? 2. Identify regulatory requirements what underpin a positive environment for children and young people. In my setting we working with different activities such as: We had two activities for mothers Samba and Yoga class every Wednesday besides Cryache services. We will write a custom essay sample on Outcome Blank or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cryache works with the child in two session: In the morning when the child arrive we do activities to be play and snack time, in the afternoon the child to learning Speech and Language assessment and remedial help, this activity we works with children +2 years old. Also we art therapy, dance and movement therapy, chronological therapy, safe space to families when mothers receive information about abuse or domestic violence. These activities we use regulatory’ ECMA and EYES with the children, in the other hand, the safe space in my setting work with CAR-SACS regulatory. Outcome 2 – Be able to support a positive environment that meets the individual needs of children and young people. Assessment Criteria 1 Meet and greet children and young people in a way that welcomes them onto the work setting. When the child arrive at centre one person open the door for him with your parent, then this person give welcome, ask open question, then when the parent living in the child, we star sing welcome song with the children where every child learning the names together. 2 Provide opportunities for children and young people to engage in activities of choice. In my setting we have AnD Space, when we offering therapeutic help for school children aged 4 to 13 years through, the use of art therapy and drama therapy. O Individual sessions Small group work 3 Provide activities and resources to meet the individual needs or children and young people. How to cite Outcome Blank, Papers

ICT Classical Ethical Issues

Question: Write about theICT Classical Ethical Issues. Answer: Introduction An ethical is a situation or problem that needs a person or an organization to make a choice between alternatives that have to be evaluated as right or wrong (Rogerson, 2011). ICT has numerous ethical issues that exist within the industry. Different people through various theories that one should use to arrive at the right choice or decision explain these ethical issues. One of the main ethical issues in the ICT is the ICT professionalism. Professionalism is said to be the way a person conducts himself or herself when at the workplace. In ICT, an individual who shows concern and treats other people with respect is said to be committed to professionalism same to a person who keeps his or her work, goes beyond expectations and is loyal. Ethical issue; ICT Professionalism and Ethical Theories ICT professionals such as system administrators in a conference in the US were asked if they damage the image of the organization were each person operated upon being sacked. Most of them said that they would. This should be an exceptional case for ICT professionals because for one to be qualified in the ICT field, he or she has to observe the ethical responsibilities. People in different organizations working under the ICT department may overreact due to some things that the organization does to them. The organization could be forced to sack ICT professionals when they are not delivering quality services and bring in other professionals who lack essential ethical conduct but deliver quality results (Kerr Wiseman, 2013). This may be forced where an organization observes the utilitarianism theory. The utilitarianism theory is keen to achieve results without following the necessarily laid rules. Being result oriented the organization may end up not comparing the ethical and unethical professionalism of the people they absorb. This act by organizations raises questions whether that is the right thing to do. Ethically, this would be a wrong call for an organization to make because it should be in front line in ensuring that ethical conducts are observed to the later (Kim Han, 2011). The company managers should treat the other senior staff, employees, vendors, customers and other people in the organization with respect. This will be a credit to them because they will be demonstrating professionalism. Other ways that they can shoe respect would be the use of appropriate tone and words when communicating and maintaining a calm demeanor even when people act with anger. As ICT continues to reclaim an increasing role in our lives, the way that the ICT professionals conduct themselves is proportional to higher scrutiny. For one to claim to be legitimate professional in ICT, he or she should not only operate within the bounds of the law but surpass it and conduct themselves responsibly and observe essential ethics at all times. This would be constituted by the social contract theory, which prompts people to conduct themselves unethically because the law protects them, and no one can criticize their code of ethics (Himma Canellopoulou-Bottis, M2012). ICT professionals who do not observe ethical conduct might opt to carry out while violating the moral conduct of an organization. For instance, an ICT administrator may opt to use the organization's computer to access his Twitter account during his free time. Would this be termed as unethical conduct? The deontology theory comes into play in such a situation. Where the company observes this theory, the ICT administrator would be condemned for his or her actions. The deontology theory states that having a moral intent and observing the organization rules is most crucial ethical conduct compared to the results that the administrator can deliver (Jones, 2016). Deontological theory helps in rectifying ICT professionals who would think that they cannot be conducted for their conduct because they are highly qualified and depended on by the organization. The ACS code of ethics provides a platform for both its members and for the other ICT practitioners who prefer professional standards. The code of ethics has six principles that ICT professionals should observe: prioritizing of public interest, honesty, enhancing a quality life, competence; professionalism and professional development. These principles do not only stand for the requirements of the law, but also need put into consideration potential consequences of how technology is used in an organization or the society. The principles need ICT professionals to not only observe and put in place expected standards of competence, honesty and practices but also change the inappropriate or unethical use of technology (Quigley, 2011). The emergence of huge data, social media and cloud computing, technology presents organizations with new and faster methods to get information and carry out business activities. Ethical conducts demand ICT professionals put into consideration the implication s of their acts on staff, customers, and others. This is viewed through the virtue theory, which lays its emphasis on the value of the moral qualities rather than formal rules or results. An ICT professional who considers virtue theory is likely to care about what the other people feels because of his actions (Stahl, 2011). For instance, Facebook was mainly condemned by policy makers and the society a year back when it opened up that it had put over half a million users under experimentation that interpreted content feeds to determine the impact on how different people emotions would be. The fact that the users were not informed of this act of being manipulated in such a way, the study invaded people's privacy hence breaching the ethical practices for informed user consent. Technology is developing so fast in a manner that the law framework lags behind typically when it comes to the provision of clear and definitive rules on how emerging capabilities can be used. This poses a challenge to ICT professionals to come up with ways that they can curb such capabilities from interfering the functionality of their organizations (Daz Andrade Urquhart, 2010). ICT professionals have a load of ensuring that the ICT department, which provides the guidelines on how activities will be coordinated, observes classical ethical theories and will the entire organization. Recommendations Ethics should stand in where the law does not exist. ICT professionals must be the first when it comes to consideration of the ethical implications of technology and Make sure that no one affected negatively by their efforts. Organizations should consider putting ICT professionals under keen probation before employing them in their institution. This would provide enough time to know the kind of people organizations employ so that they may not use the office computers for their benefits or say negative things about the organization when their contracts end or terminated. Conclusion As seen from the conference that many ICT professionals said they would damage their organization's name upon being sacked, it is evident that many people though being qualified to work in certain fields do not have the zeal to observe classical ethics. In addition, companies may at times overlook employing people who have good virtues and good code of conduct and take in people without the classical ethics just because they can deliver most proficient services. This should not be the case because such people are untrustworthy and may end up tarnishing the name of the organization in case of any misunderstanding. References Alvarez, S. A., Barney, J. B., McBride, R., Wuebker, R. (2014). Realism in the study of entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Review, 39(2), 227-231. Avgerou, C. (2010). Discourses on ICT and development. Information Technologies International Development, 6(3), pp-1. Daz Andrade, A., Urquhart, C. (2010). The affordances of actor-network theory in ICT for development research. Information Technology People, 23(4), 352-374. Himma, K. E., Canellopoulou-Bottis, M. (2012). Digital technologies and the obligation to alleviate poverty: The digital divide, information gap and two forms of poverty. Jones, S. (2016). Doing the right thing: computer ethics pedagogy revisited. Journal of Information, Communication, and Ethics in Society, 14(1), 33-48. Kerr, P., Wiseman, G. (Eds.). (2013). Diplomacy in a globalizing world: theories and practices (p. 123). New York: Oxford University Press. Kim, B., Han, I. (2011). The role of utilitarian and hedonic values and their antecedents in a mobile data service environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 2311-2318. Stahl, B. C. (2011). Teaching ethical reflexivity in information systems: How to equip students to deal with moral and ethical issues of emerging information and communication technologies. Journal of Information Systems Education, 22(3), 253. Rogerson, S. (2011). Ethics and ICT. Quigley, M. (Ed.). (2011). ICT Ethics and Security in the 21st Century: New Developments and Applications: New Developments and Applications. IGI Global.

Creating a Culture

Free Essays on Consumer Behavior

Consumer Behaviour Consumers have so many choices to make compared to ten or even twenty years ago. Today as always, business growth depends heavily on loyal customers who return because they are satisfied with the product and/or service they have received. But first companies have to bring consumers into the stores. The companies bring consumers into the store by marketing their product. The average consumer would probably define marketing as a combination of advertising and selling. It actually includes a good deal more. Modern marketing is most simply defined as directing the flow of goods from producers to customers. In order to answer this question fully we must define consumer goods which means goods that are used or bought for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. The essay outlines the contributions of marketing through fast moving consumer goods. Promotion, which works hand in hand with marketing a product, allows the product to be relayed to the right consumer through cam paigns. Market research must be completed to find a target audience which is used for promotional and advertising reasons. The last part of the scheme is the actual advertising of the good which pulls the consumer into the store. Marketing has had an influential impact on fast moving consumer goods through abroad range of activities including, promotion, market research, and advertising. Promotion is used to communicate information about goods and services to target market audiences thereby facilitating the exchange process. Promotion plays an important role in informing, educating, persuading and reminding customers. The promotional mix is adjusted according to the organizations promotional objectives and its marketing situation. Generally, in consumer?s services, marketing and advertising will be by far the main component and the most expensive. Promotion is essentially about communication. Target audiences need to receive informatio... Free Essays on Consumer Behavior Free Essays on Consumer Behavior Consumer Behaviour Consumers have so many choices to make compared to ten or even twenty years ago. Today as always, business growth depends heavily on loyal customers who return because they are satisfied with the product and/or service they have received. But first companies have to bring consumers into the stores. The companies bring consumers into the store by marketing their product. The average consumer would probably define marketing as a combination of advertising and selling. It actually includes a good deal more. Modern marketing is most simply defined as directing the flow of goods from producers to customers. In order to answer this question fully we must define consumer goods which means goods that are used or bought for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. The essay outlines the contributions of marketing through fast moving consumer goods. Promotion, which works hand in hand with marketing a product, allows the product to be relayed to the right consumer through cam paigns. Market research must be completed to find a target audience which is used for promotional and advertising reasons. The last part of the scheme is the actual advertising of the good which pulls the consumer into the store. Marketing has had an influential impact on fast moving consumer goods through abroad range of activities including, promotion, market research, and advertising. Promotion is used to communicate information about goods and services to target market audiences thereby facilitating the exchange process. Promotion plays an important role in informing, educating, persuading and reminding customers. The promotional mix is adjusted according to the organizations promotional objectives and its marketing situation. Generally, in consumer?s services, marketing and advertising will be by far the main component and the most expensive. Promotion is essentially about communication. Target audiences need to receive informatio...

History of Immigration in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Immigration in the US - Essay Example There are negative aspects to having such an ethnically diverse population, such as racism and social class boundaries drawn along racial lines; African Americans, for example, generally earn less than their Caucasian counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the history of immigration has shaped the United States and how it affects the population. The first immigration can be said to be one of the most important. As previously mentioned, the Western Europeans brought with them African slaves, and it is perhaps partly due to the lingering thought that African Americans are associated with this slave trade that draws one of the most important cultural boundaries. African Americans experience high levels of racism, as evidenced by the presence of ‘Christian’ groups such as the KKK who continue to exist in the U.S. today and work towards ethnically cleansing the country. African Americans earn less and are frequently found in the most deprived areas, suggest ing that there is still a lot of work to be done to counteract this earlier negativity. Another important aspect of this first wave of immigration is the treatment of the Native Americans who were already residing in the area. The white colonists felt that the native groups were in many ways inferior, as well as bringing with them several infectious diseases that were problematic. This led to a large decrease in the number of Native Americans residing in the United States and forceful land-grabbing ensuring that these people could no longer live their traditional lifestyles. Again, Native Americans suffer from racism and economic problems, which could be seen as a result of this earlier cultural boundary drawn by the colonists. In the 19th century, the Western Europeans again began to migrate en-masse to the United States. Two important cultural groups arriving with this wave were the Germans and the Irish, both leaving their home countries because of unfavourable conditions there a nd the promise of the American Dream. The Nativist/Know Nothing movement strongly opposed these immigrations because it was felt that they could disrupt the social balance of the country. Importantly, the Irish immigrants were predominantly Catholic and it was felt that, because they were under the control of the Pope in Rome, there would be an upheaval of the style of Christianity already established in the U.S. The 19th century also saw the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which said that there were only to be a certain number of Chinese immigrants into the country. At first, Chinese immigrants were seen as important to the economy of the United States but after the economic situation improved, they began to be blamed for white unemployment. There was often violence against the Chinese in California because of the passing of this act. This era also saw the mass immigration of Polish Jews attempting to escape the Russian empire and religious persecution, and these people were again generally refused entry after the immigration quota was reached. Racism was, and still is, an important issue for the Chinese and Jewish people, perhaps because of their treatment during this time. In conclusion, it is easy to see how the United States has become such an ethnically diverse country and how these different events have shaped the racial landscape of the country. Many of these immigration events, and those that came after, still have an

The Death Penalty in Contemporary America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

The Death Penalty in Contemporary America - Essay Example Ancient religious texts such as the Torah, the Bible, and the Koran all contain laws and punishments which include the death penalty, and these have been followed by millions of people over the last two or three thousand years. For many modern Americans who belong to fundamentalist branches of their respective religions, this alone is sufficient reason to continue with the death penalty and no other arguments need to be entertained. Leaving aside the religious argument, there are also good psychological reasons why strong penalties need to exist in any legal system. The risk of prosecution will not deter criminals if there is no bad consequence following on from being convicted of a crime. The law enforcement agencies have no power of their own to prevent crime or stop criminals repeating their offenses unless there is a penal system to take care of those who commit violence, drug crimes, and other serious offenses. The death penalty is the strongest possible message to criminals that there are limits to what society will tolerate, and that those who overstep those limits have no place in that society. Another argument in favor of the death penalty is the fact that it takes tens and perhaps hundreds of thousands of dollars to imprison a criminal for life, whereas the death penalty is inexpensive to operate, once the due legal process has been completed. In a world of famines, wars and natural disasters, where many people live and die in poverty and there are huge deficits in the provision for health and education, there is a moral issue in devoting such a huge amount of money to individuals who have shown contempt for the rule of law. Turning now to the arguments against the death penalty, there are also a number of religious arguments which are applicable to this context.  

Roles And Purpose Of British Welfare State

Roles And Purpose Of British Welfare State This assignment is going to discuss the roles and purpose of British welfare state. This assignment will look at what welfare state is and the problems which society faced in the past century about the poor people. Also, the first administrative unit of Britain alongside with how poor law passed and the beverage report. This assignment is based on roles and purpose of welfare state. The United Kingdom welfare state was established in 1942 by William Beverage due to the Second World War which caused social problems to the British citizens. The Government stepped forward as to provide for its people by introducing Welfare State as a way of controlling these problems. Welfare state is a response to social problems whereby government undertakes the responsible to safeguard the health and well-being of its people, particularly those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits( Lutz Leistering and Robert Walker 1998). It is based on the principals of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth and public responsibilities of people that lack provision for a good life. The origin of the welfare state was from the 16th century. Britain expected the worst when the Second World War broke up in 1939. Due to war many people were affected by poverty and many lost their jobs which resulted in high unemployment. The majority of the people were living in overcrowded poor housing facilities such as (slums) because council houses were not enough. Diseases were spreading because of lack of clean water, and sick people could not have money to seek treatment and this resulted in many people dying. Due to these events the government policy brought a change towards the care that was provided for the people. Welfare legislation was developed to make sure that everyone had access to quality of life due to the world war. Elizabeth government realised that they would create some system to support people. Parish was the first basic administrative unit in Britain to take responsibility for the people who were poor and also power to force people to pay a local tax to help the poor. People who could not work such as old people and disabled were provided with accommodation in parish houses and also given money called the outdoor relief. However, this caused an impact on the increase of the cost of poor relief. The outdoor relief pay which was given to the poor over in hard times and was regarded as encouraging workers to remain inactive undermining the 19th century principles of thrift and hard work (Frohman, 2008). It was also argued that that the poor law encouraged the growth of poverty. In 1834 a new Poor Law was introduced. People assumed that it would reduce the cost of looking after the poor and they welcomed it. People thought that beggars were going to be taken off the streets and for those people who were poor were going to be encouraged to work hard to support themselves. The new poor law help people to be independent; they should help themselves by making ends meet. The new Poor Law ensured that the poor were housed in workhouses were the ones getting assistant in terms of clothes and food .Children who entered the workhouse would receive some schooling. In return for this care, all workhouse paupers would have to work for several hours each day. The new poor law also help children who entered the work house to be educated it also ensure that the less privilege to get house in return. In reaction, the poor law of 1834 introduced a poor relief which imposed the principle of less eligibility. This new system act took a much harsher line towards help for the poor people whereby strict rules and regulations were put in place for people to follow (Harris, 2004). Families were separated and were not allowed to see each other. The Law stated that no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse and the unemployed benefits was to be provided as a last resort. Conditions in the workhouse were intentionally made harsh, in the hope that the poor would seek work elsewhere. In 20th century the poor law was gradually replaced by a new welfare state. During 1906 a liberal government was elected and introduce some reforms.1n 1908 an old age pension came to existence which allow pension to be given to people over 70s, from 1925 pension were paid to men that is over 65 and to women over 60. The national insurance act was passed in 1911 and all employees were made to contribute from their wage and the aim was to build and also for every worker who felt sick was entitled to free treatment were given to every worker that feel sick. The contributions were to help the workers in future in situations when they become ill or out of work. In 1920 the scheme was extended to most people but not all work house became unnecessary and then poor law was abolished.p43 Social Policy Welfare (2000) published by Stanely Thornes ltd. United kingdom By Mark Walsh, Paul Stephens, Stephen Moore In 1920 the scheme was extended to most people but not all work houses became unnecessary and then poor law was abolished. Top of Form Bottom of Form In 1941 an enquiry was established to plan how best to tidy up state welfare. Beveridge seized the opportunity, rewrote the script, and then redesigned the contours of British welfare. By accident the report of the publication of his report was delayed. When it was produced in November 1942 it followed hard on the heels of the Allies first major victory of World War Two. Although largely a creation of ideas including Beveridges which had been around for some time, it was the blueprint for successful to tackle social problems such as the five giants. In 1942 William beverage prepared a report called the Beveridge report regarding the welfare of the individuals on how the government could help people in poverty and also to reduce inequality. This report focused on how Britain could be rebuilt after the war and also how the government should find ways of fighting the five Giant Evils of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. The government was committed to provide care for the people of Britain to ensure that everyone had quality of life. The 1942 beveridge report started in the introduction of welfare state, and involved the main changes and these included the national health service act of 1945 which make benefit available to children and families and the National insurance act this act provides unemployment and sickness some benefits and housing The welfare state was not a response to poverty but was produced to encourage the provision of services for the public. Implementing Beveridge was immediately seen as part of wi nning the peace and also served as the blue print for the British welfare state. In 1945 labour was elected and promised to introduce a welfare state. The welfare state involved introducing new services these included family allowances, the (Laybourn, 1995) this is where a major criticism lies within debates regarding the welfare state within current governments. The government introduced the Education Act 1944 which tackled lack of schooling. The 1946 National Health Act was concerned with improving the quality of health among the population. The 1946 National Insurance Act was created to cover all personal risks such as unemployment and illness.1948 labour government extended the social security and a program of free medical care, Housing, Education and the Welfare of the Children. The National Assistance Act 1948 means- tested for people in lower income below a standard set by government and for unemployed people. In the 1950s the provision of welfare state services became problematic, government interventions at the time didnt help and caused further problems so the Conservative government took over and cut the help given to the poor and sick. This then made the distribution of income more imbalanced and although attempted to make the poor more hardworking and self sufficient it didnt work. The rolling back the state was revolved around the need to cut public spending as a way of reducing impact on public affair. Thatcher (1979-97) promised to reduce taxes and to lower the level of public spending and less state intervention. Thatcher opposed a welfare system and the welfare state began to break down resulted in retreat for housing and pension. The Conservative changed the balance of welfare spending towards health and social security at the expense of education and housing. Thatcher revolution was less radical welfare spending remained stationary between the late 1970s. Thatcher stated that welfare spending was weighing down the international competitiveness and also creating a dependency culture which also was supported by the government and acted to cut back the welfare state (Clasen, 2003). They were some cut back in Housing such as in building, maintenance and subsidization as a way of driving up local authority rent levels (Maclennan and Gibb, 1990). In Social Sec urity welfare bills were introduced by cutting entitlements such as Unemployment Benefit and people were pushed on to means-tested support (Clasen, 2003). Under Child Support Scheme absent parents were required to contribute towards the child maintenance as a way of serving some of the welfare state money. When new labour came into office in 1997 welfare remained in the top priority. Regardless of Conservative critics of the welfare, new labour argued that new welfare policies were needed to improve poverty, inequality, health and education. In conclusion the welfare state was developed due to the number of factors contributed by world war such as unemployment, sickness and poverty.

In the Cut

Critically explore the themes of fairytale, memory and narrative in Jane Campion’s film In the Cut in relation to dominant ideology and gender. The essay proposed shall examine the way in which ideology and gender help portray the themes of fairytale, memory and narrative. By focusing on ideology through gender in the film, it shall firstly analyse ideology and then gender and combine the two. Important to note here, is that throughout the film gender and ideology is closely linked and throughout the film, narrative is linked to gender and ideology and together they build upon a dominance in the gender ideology. Therefore the essay presented will look at ideology, gender, and narrative separately and then show how they form to complement each other using fairytale and memory as a catalyst to their dominance. Gender – Throughout the film, In the Cut gender roles and femininity is explored. In the movie the female plays the main protagonist, which is a recent idea as it has normally been the man who takes on such a role. I am going to explore how this is carried out and what this means for the way in which gender is portrayed in the film. Laura Mulvey talks in detail about women and media in her chapter Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, in this paper Mulvey looks at the way in which a psychoanalytical approach to look at film shows the constant patriarchy found within the history of film and how this notion is constantly reproduced within the structure of cinema and fascination today. The gaze used in cinema according to Mulvey is a male gaze and the women are â€Å"to-be-looked-at. â€Å"In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. â€Å" (Mulvey in Penley: 1988:62). The detective is intrigued by Franny this alpha male figure holds power while the woman is always the passive object to the man. Women that are displayed as the sexual object are the ongoing, reoccurring musical theme of the male’s desire. From strip teasing to seducing they constantly represent male’s desire. Mulveys ideas takes a rather Freudian notion of the woman. The woman is someone who is subjected almost flawed by her own biological functions. Her lack of a penis is symbolized through the procreation of children. This idea deriving from Derrirda whereby a woman is a man who is not fully developed therefore being significantly lower than the man in a Darwinian hierarchy. â€Å"A true man has no sex (†¦ for he must be his sex. † (Derrida: 1978:181) Femininity in the film is commonly associated with romance, sex and blood. In the film In the Cut, we can see that the colour red is used significantly with the women characters; this colour shows how femininity is used in accordance to love, romance and sex. Franny demands attention when she is embarking on sexual activity. Franny is intrigued by it and drawn into it; she gains pleasure from it and plays a dominant role. The idea of this being different is that normally a female protagonist would not play this role, and the way in which it is carried out marks independence for her character, the film here shows an emphasis towards the red dress that her sister wears and then she wears in the ending scene, there is also associations with red in desire, in the bar when she watches sexual activity the whole room is red. Romance is embedded amongst each main character. These characters are Franny her sister Pauline, Detective Malloy and his partner Detective Rodriguez. These character have a link toward opposition, the two females can be compared by the audience, as can be the two males. Here we seek to find what their stories hold. Each character is infatuated with romance and lust, Franny sees beauty of romance in her memory of her father and also in poetry, her sister finds romance in conventional social formalities, such as marriage lust to love which she desires with a doctor and having children. The two males are almost troubled males, the detective has a troubled pass being molested as a child, and wants a romance where he can provide not just sex for his partner. This is shown when he is troubled by the murders, and when he takes Franny to a park and does not wish to have sexual relations. Rodriguez is troubled of the idea of being â€Å"a house husband† in the ending scene he wants to be able to control women and not let himself be controlled. Here the ideas of femininity and masculinity are embedded through the film, each character has a fixation with marriage, the image of the woman in a wedding suit and a cut arm portrays the violence associated with marriage and failed/troubled masculine and feminine identities. Feminine power seems to cause disruption throughout the film. In Campion’s film, it’s as if the roles are reversed and then turned back again. The male seems to be a disruption and plays with Franny’s mind, however its Franny’s femininity which causes her to be led into her own trap. The ending of the film sees Franny as still almost to her death wanting to be in control but this city setting in which she wants to be in charge almost has to kill her before she can hold power. According to Thornham masculinity is played almost exclusively throughout the film. If we look at the way in which the two detectives talk amongst each other and whilst Franny is there than we can see that they use her as an object and as an audience to show off their male desires. (Thornham: 2007). â€Å"Women walk arm in arm in pairs; when we glimpse them alone they are running. (†¦ )Public spaces are unsafe meeting places for women. † ( Thornham:2007:37). This idea of New York is portrayed as a never ending danger zone for women. Franny is unsafe even in her own home she is penetrated by male intruders, from the beginning we see her ex in the garden which thus amplifies this. From Sue Thornhams article she associates the film with a feminine inadequacy, the female wanting to hold power but not quite getting there. This in and out feeling is associated with the film through the female protagonist. By depicting this picture we can see straight away that it is taken from a busy Town in America, from the busy road the dress code of the two women and the infamous yellow taxi. These images are what the mass audience know, and in a Marxist light, the metropolis working class proletariat are being subjected. Hence, in the film we can see that these familiarities accompany the dominant ideology of gender. From this image taken from the film we can see how gender is incorporated within the film, the brunette is obviously a woman dedicated to her job, and there is a sense of freedom with the blonde in the red. Straight away we pick up on connoted messages from the denoted. Saussure’s structuralist work on the signifier proves adequate on this note, our familiarity of the scene, setting, and ideology is portrayed from what is being signified. This image that is constantly displayed plays on the dominance of the gender ideology and the recognition of realism to an extent that we passively pertain to the â€Å"real† and see it as an adequate replica. Thus noting on the build up of gender and how it should be played across within society. This idea of space signifies the female protagonist’s form of being the only character to move through all of these spaces. Although Malloy does, embark on this freedom to an extent, we do not see him in the strip club, or at the main ending scene, in this scene his is tied up in her apartment. This idea of space enables the story to be told through a narrative looked at in the eyes of the female. Ideology- From here we can see that the dominant portrayal of gender and ideology is clearly marked throughout the film. â€Å"According to the principles of the ruling ideology (†¦ ) the male figure cannot bear the burden of sexual objectification. † (Mulvey in Penley: 1988:63). Dominant ideology of gender is represented through the way in which the male and the female are represented. In the movie what marks as odd is when the Frannys ex John Graham says: †my mom use to dress me in girls clothes. (In the Cut: 2003). This already draws as strange to the audience. His character also portrays Frannys failed relationships and plays upon our desire to see her in a stable relationship. If the male is sexually objectified, in any case for example in the new James Bond movies, we always need a female character to create the desire. However in reversal the woman by hers elf creates desire. â€Å"Cinematic codes present a gaze, a world, and an object thereby producing an illusion cut to the measure of desire. † (Mulvey in Reynolds: 1988:67). Mulvey explains here that the way in which the male is portrayed is as if a mirrored image of the ruling ideology in society. Everything about the male character, suggests how they should be in reality. For example, if we look at film the male character who is the superstar he holds characteristics that are not around sex and glamour but a more perfect ideology so it can thus signify the main motive of the protagonist and societal ideologies. Ideology in film is a concept cited and drawn on by many media theorists. When the Frankfurt started it, it was the first set of theorists to look at culture and the media to be a marker of capitalism and yet another way of the bourgeoisie to dupe us. Jameson talks of film to be a suppressed set of images injected with hidden meaning and ways to exploit its audience. (Jameson, 1991). Where do these theorists then get their views? By watching a film it is us the audience who are meant to gain an emotion or draw up a conclusion on what we have seen. If we take cinema to be an art then one can argue that cinema is meant to be read in the eyes of the conglomerate elite. A work of art understood dynamically (†¦ ) is images in the feelings and mind of the spectator. †(Eisenstein in Andrews: 1984:49). This idea of representation presented by Andrews is that ideology and representation go hand in hand the only way in which ideology can be formulated within a movie is through these representations to that which is familiar to the audience. â€Å"No matt er what appears on the screen, audiences will instinctively shape it into a representation of something familiar to them. † (Andrew: 1984:47). Andrews talks of realism and how it is portrayed within cinema. In the film In the Cut it starts off with camera techniques using shots that are mostly pan shots at the beginning of the film and finally resulting into close ups, we are shown the way in which we as an audience are made to recognise the settings. For example, at the beginning of the film In the Cut, we can see images of Franny, if we take one of the introducing scenes where we are introduced to her student Cornelius, we are shown the scene from a road away, however as the film progresses so does the cameras closeness. This movement of the camera subconsciously inflects a message onto the audience to know when to be drawn in and out. In this way ideology is formulated from the very start of the movie. (Andrew: 1984). In the film, when Franny remembers her dad, it can be looked at as very Freudian; she is almost fantasizing about him and wanting to be with a man just like him. This shows the way that the representation of gender used in cinema portrays patriarchy as an ideology. Noting here on at Jacques Lacan`s idea, which states that when a child recognizes his own image in a mirror; it marks the central part of ego formation. Meaning by looking in the mirror and observing oneself forms an image and constructs an identity. (Mulvey :1988). This idea of a familiar setting is observed throughout the film. We relate to Franny’s, work ethic and her curiosity resembles the audience’s investigatory role. Narrative- Narratives is closely linked to cinema as film is an ongoing documentary; which is much more explicit in telling a story then say a magazine advert. In the film In the Cut I will look at how narrative is represented and why it uses fairytale and memory as significant in relation to dominant ideology and gender. Before watching a film, Bordwell and Thompson argue that we already know to an extent what to expect, and we know to an extent how the narrative will pan out. The idea of narrative is not just about the story but can be about the desire of wanting to know more, the idea that we want to follow the protagonist, this idea of narrative is popular with many structuralists. Mulvey claims that this active/passive opposition controls the narrative structure. These binary oppositions that are used in film are looked at closely by structuralist Claude Levi Strauss. He looked at themes within a film and how they motivated deeper meanings from capturing these binary oppositions. Bordwell and Thompson argue in Film Art that a narrative is recognised from early distinguished stories in life. For example we associate a films narrative from birth, when we are children we look at fairytales and are infatuated by these stories, these fairytales stay with us and from film we form an attachment. We can also see this in religion and how these stories can be captured in our inner conscious by film. (Bordwell and Thompson: 1997). Serei Eisenstein believed that it was more effective if films narrative was not shot in a linear direction, thus making the narrative obvious. Instead the film should be shot in different chronicle arrangements in order for the mind to jump and build on its own conclusions. â€Å"In a more light-hearted way it is used today in pop videos and advertising to encourage us to make associations and link ideas. † (Bordwell and Thompson: 1977:4). In the film In the Cut, we can see that the idea of fairytale is carefully portrayed and used in different chronological arrangements to maintain its emphasis. â€Å"In childhood we learn fairytales and myths (†¦), the prevalence of stories in our lives is one reason we need to take a close look at how films may embody narrative form. (Bordwell and Thompson: 1997:59). There are numerous scenes where we see how ideas of fairytale (not just for Franny) are perpetuated, throughout the narrative of the film. Her memory is linked with typical fairytales, what I mean by typical fairytale, is that what we associate with old folk tales. The story that has a beginning a middle where a n issue is dealt with and an ending which seeks exaggerated happiness and a moral issue that is learnt. In ‘In The cut’ we can see when Franny is remembering her past she sees it as if a fairytale. The light becomes lighter and colour is drawn out, this provides us with a fairytale like image as it far from the reality signified in the film. Here I mean that in the films everyday cinematic language, colours are normal, setting and light have a reoccurrence however when Franny uses memory to envisage her fairytale fantasy. The image we are shown is completely different to the one that marks reality. The idea that love conquers all that her father fell in love and it didn’t matter about the other woman holds the fairytale ideal. We also know it is fairytale like as it holds certain characteristics that we hold as fairytale like. Andrew: 1984). Another account in which we fairytale and childhood can be interpereted, is the way in which Franny holds a childlike state, she is dazzled by the world around her and is excited by danger. This analysis is seen throughout the film, she is watching through a Childs eyes. By the end of the film Franny adapts a child like romance. She runs out the house and behaves erratically, she follows a man into the car with no hesitation and her child like behaviour is drawn closer when she wakes up in the car as if a child, and is excited by where she is and where she is going. Her amazement reels the child behaviour to an end when she finally shots the murderer and its as if she has grown up or been born again as a new person who loses her ability to fight, when she is covered in blood and is ignored by society shows her rejection she walks in solitude and engages in no conversation her emotionless character that then returns to her home and to the detective without even conversing with him shows her lack of defeat. Vladimir Propp, analysed fairytales and found 31 different functions that a fairytale holds, he also describes 8 different characters. This vary from the hero leaving the home, the hero having tension between the opposition, the man claiming to be a hero and then finally the issues are resolved. (Propp: 1968). Every story whether it be in media should be looked act in this structuralist light. By structurally analysing In the Cut in accordance to fairytale, we need to ask who the hero is. If the hero is solely Franny then who do Malloy, Pauline and Rodriguez play. The film starts of with Franny being in a normal state then encountering with Malloy becomes the start of the equilibrium being disrupted, if she is the hero then she needs to resolve the issue of the murder, however the murderer becomes unclear to her, and in the conclusion of the film, the fairytale does not have its sufficient ending Malloy is left in handcuffs and although Franny lays next to him she merely rest next to him as a pose to kissing him, realising him or even getting back to a normal state. Therefore this film defies the structuralist outline proposed by both Propp and to an extent Todrov, as the equilibrium is not resolved or even in a calm state. Is the murderer dead? Was Malloy involved or is he a hidden hero? These unresolved issues come to the conclusion that we as an audience have not had the satisfaction, of a hero narrative nor a fairytale narrative. Memory is also used in the film; we can see this throughout the film. Franny is always remembering her past and her past effects her future, everything that means anything happens on her fixation towards memory. From the very beginning the detective becomes consistent on knowing if she remembers anything from the night of a murder. Her relationship with the other main characters for example the detective Malloy, he always asks her to remember if anything happened and she ask him about his memory of the same night too, this is in order for her to find if he was involved in her murder. Their sex life is looked at immensely and part of this is based on memory, memory of his sexual past about when an older woman either raped him or abused him and how he knows how to perform in the present. The whole scene mentioned above when she remember her parents love life is entwined in fairytale and memory. Her memory is childlike and her approach to situations is almost childlike until the final ending scene where she shoots the murderer. She is almost vulnerable all the time and has a naive character which links to her memory. In conclusion, this essay has critically assessed Jane Campion’s film In the Cut, by focusing on ideology, gender and narrative. By looking at ideology we can see how gender is perpetuated throughout the film, through different notions of analysing femininity we have seen how a women is presented in society portraying a patriarchal society, where film is obsessed with the female gaze, leaving the male as a perfect form of power. (Mulvey:1988). We have then noted that through narrative fantasy/fairytale and memory portray this ideal of a patriarchal society. Form structuralists such as Propp and Strauss we have analysed the way in which narrative is portrayed however discovered the inadequacy of looking at this film through narrative solely and by viewing gender and psychoanalysis we can draw a conclusion of femininity representation. Bibliography †¢Andrew, D: (1984) Concepts in Film Theory. New York, Oxford University Press. †¢Mulvey, L in Penley, C: (1988) Feminism and Film Theory. New York, Routledge. †¢Cook, P and Johnston, C in Penley, C: (1988) Feminism and Film Theory. New York, Routledge. †¢Thornham, S: (2007). Starting to Feel Like a Chick. Feminist Media Studies. 7:1 33-46 †¢Propp, V: (1968). Morphology of the Folktale. Texas. University of Texas Press. †¢Jameson, F: (1991). Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. London, Durham University Press. †¢Barthes, R: (1997). Image-Music-Text. London. Fontana Press †¢Derrida, J :(1978). A Derrida Reader : Between the Blinds. London, Wheatsheaf. †¢Bordwell, D. Thompson, K: (1997). Film Art an Introduction. New York, The McGraw-hill Companies.

Froogle Inc. Strategy Essay

Mary, a small business owner in Vermont whose company specializes in the manufacture and sale of ski equipment to Vermont ski resorts, signs a contract with Froogle, Inc. an internet corporation with principal place of business in California, which allows Mary to advertise her business on Froogle’s internet search engine. All of Mary’s business dealings with Froogle are done either by telephone or via internet; she has never been to California. Two months into the business relationship Froogle states that Mary has violated their agreement which prompts Froogle to file a lawsuit against Mary in the California court system. Does the State of California County of Monterey in Salinas have personal jurisdiction over Mary? In order for a state (California) to have personal jurisdiction over a non resident defendant (Mary) the defendant must have established minimum contacts: (1) purposeful direction of activities towards the forum: Boschetto v. Hansing, 539 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2008) – â€Å"minimum contacts†. Without greater interactivity between Mary’s advertisement for her Vermont based business dealings and the residents of California, personal jurisdiction would not be appropriate: Mink v AAAA Development L.L.C., 190 F.3d 333 (5th Cir. 199) In order to establish if a plaintiff’s state forum has personal jurisdiction over a non resident defendant they must prove that the nonresident defendant (whom has never traveled to California and does not target there business advertising at California residents) had sufficient amount of contact with the state. A passive website advertising that is not directed at the residents of California is not enough to establish personal jurisdiction. Therefore, the state of California would not have personal jurisdiction over Mary.

Imagery In Their Eyes Were Watching God - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 645 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Did you like this example? Their Eyes Were Watching God was published in 1937 and to this day is still a notable piece of literature. The novel faced lots of controversy when it was first published from both blacks and whites. African-Americans did not feel that the book accurately portrayed the harsh life and conditions blacks faced at those times, and whites thought it was used as a civil rights movement. Through all the backlash and hate, Hurston was able to power through with her book making it her magnum opus, and still being relevant after 80 years. Their Eyes Were Watching God has an immense use of imagery, being able to describe everything as if you are right there along with her. What makes her work so profound is her use of imagery comes with lots of symbolism. The peartree, horizon, sky, and sun are each uniquely described and have their own meaning correlating with the theme and message of the book. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Imagery In Their Eyes Were Watching God" essay for you Create order The pear tree along with the sky and bees have lots of special meaning to Janie, because it was her first experience of sexual awakening prior to her first kiss. While under the pear tree in chapter 2 Janie first starts romanticising about the perfect love and marriage, and from there on Janie just longs for that perfect relationship and affection. While under the pear tree she stares up into the sky and notices the bees gathering pollen and mentions about her own glossy leaves and bursting buds meaning her mind had opened up to new things like her sexuality. The pear tree contributes to the theme because throughout the book Janie battles with finding the love she longs for and to not feel empty, but in the gets through it only relying on herself. The horizon is mentioned various times throughout the book too and the Janie is symbolized all the opportunities and goals, which for her was real romance, sexual satisfaction, and a loving marriage. Janie first mentioned the horizon in ch. 1 Ships at a distance have every mans wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by time. That is the life of men. Janie struggled to reach the horizon going through two men thinking they could give her what she wanted. It is not until Janie meets Tea Cake that she finally reaches the horizon becoming content with life. The sun had two different meanings, but that correlated with each other and Tea Cake. When you are someoners sunshine you are their happiness and bring lots of positivity to them. That is exactly what Tea Cake did to Janie, he finally made her happy with life. The sun was also used as giving a new day since the sun rises and sets everyday. The sun added to the theme of life goes on and it is exactly what Janie had to realize. When Tea Cake died Janie was hurt, but she continued on remembering him and the sunshine he gave her. Their Eyes Were Watching God is filled with symbolism and imagery such as the pear tree, sky and bees meaning Janiers image of romance and the marriage she dreamed of. The horizon was all the opportunities in life which seemed so difficult to achieve to Janie, but she eventually did. The sun, is what gave Janie her happiness which was Tea Cake, and after his death it continues. Each symbol added onto the theme of how Janie struggled to find what she wanted, the opportunities, and once reached Janie finally realized she was actually happy with herself. The novel shows how much self love and worth is vital, instead of forcing others to make you not feel alone and never being happy in life.