Behavioral Science Article Review - 538 Words

Article review In behavioral science, there has been a long time interest in the method biases. This article in concerned with the influence that the biases have in the research results in the field of behavioral science. The paper also looks at the aspects that cause the occurrence of the biases. The paper also expounds on the human cognitive process that allows the human behavior and response to measures in the research to be influenced by the biases. The article also evaluates the various statistical techniques and procedural techniques that can be employed towards controlling the biases that may exist in such human behavioral science research. At the end of the paper, there are various recommendations that are given in connection to selection of the best procedures in such researches as well as the statistical remedies that can be employed depending on the setting of the research being conducted. Method biases are pointed out to be one of the reasons behind the measurement errors. These measure ment errors therefore contribute to weakening of the validity of conclusions particularly the conclusions on the relationships between measures that are used in the research. These measurement errors are here grouped into random and systematic components. The common method biases are indicated to be emanating mainly from having a common rater, using a common measurement context, employing a common item context or even emanate from characteristics of the characteristics ofShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Development And Organizational Development1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe Organisational development article I have chosen gives context to Organisational development theories from early teachings to more recent academic research highlighting disconnect among OD researchers. The OD article is from the journal of applied behavioural science. Literature review explains shortcoming among OD research. I chose the OD article for the in-depth analysis of this subject from early theories to m ore recent models of practice. The author discusses the implications for researchersRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1656 Words   |  7 PagesAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common well- known behavioral disorders, that is defined by the DSM as having a â€Å"persistent pattern of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention, for at least six months and it is so severe that it interferers with your development†. As of 2013, it affects 11 percent of children between the ages of 4-17 and is more prevalent in boys than in girls. (http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/688.html) ADHD with aggression is very common as well. The aggressionRead MoreEvidence Based For Nursing Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesEvidence-Based Behavioral Treatment for Diabetes The article I have read and am doing a peer review on the utilization of the psychosocial adaptive behavior change concept which is referred to as Problem Solving Therapy (PST). The article describes the useful methods plus also describes the use of application of technique and explores the research evidence that demonstrates improvements on diabetes health outcomes. According to the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE), the best resolutionRead MoreArticle Review : Deep Correspondence Restricted Boltzmann Machine For Cross Modal Retrieval979 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Review : Deep correspondence restricted Boltzmann machine for cross-modal retrieval Review Submission : ACN 5314.5H1 - Computational Modeling Methods in Behavioral Brain Sci. Reviewer : Jithin Pradeep R jxp161430@utdallas.edu School of Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas at Dallas December 16, 2016. Deep correspondence restricted Boltzmann machine for cross-modal retrieval: Jithin Pradeep Article Review. Article Review : Deep correspondence restricted Boltzmann machineRead MoreCase Summary : Security Fraud1626 Words   |  7 Pageswhy Mr. Shkreli s Case is the ideal case is due to the fact that it will allow for a more depth analysis on why individuals commit fraud. In one of the articles I will be annotating as one of the 5 sources, the psychology and sociology behind why individual commit fraud will be annotated, and Mr. Shkreli fits excellently as an example of the articles reinterpretation of the Fraud Triangle. A Canadian Strategy to Combat Investment Fraud is a report that illustrates what fraud is, the types of fraudulentRead MoreBiological Influences On Personality : Temperament, Personality, And Life Span Development1030 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The topic of research was Biological Influences on Personality: Temperament. Personality is not just something we learn, there are also biological influences that help shape a person’s personality. Our book refers to temperament as biologically based emotional and behavioral tendencies that are evident in early childhood (Cervone D., Pervin, 2015 p.488). Each article provided an insight on how biology plays an important role in our personality/temperament. In the article Nature overRead MoreThe Role Of Sociocultural, Socioeconomic, And Diversity Factors1414 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Purpose: Demonstrate knowledge and appreciation of the role of sociocultural, socioeconomic, and diversity factors and lifestyle choices in contemporary society. (ACOTE Standard B.1.4) Articulate the importance of balancing areas of occupation with the achievement of health and wellness. (ACOTE Standard B.2.4). Explain the role of occupation in the promotion of health and the prevention of disease and disability for the individual, family and society. (ACOTE Standard B.2.5) ExpressRead MoreTthe Role of Amoeba in Human Disease805 Words   |  3 PagesReview the Role of Amoeba in Human Disease Introduction Free-living amoebae (FLA) are eukaryotic organism found ubiquitously in nature. They are found in soil (dust), air, water and air, which provide amoeba multiple opportunities to spread (c). These can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Pathogenic FLA can invade and cause opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in humans, which are found in the genus Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia pedata (b). HartmannellaRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy And Therapy1201 Words   |  5 Pagesbirth to what is called the first generation of behavioral therapy, which is now called cognitive behavior therapy. The second generation of was birth fourth after empirical study began to be done on our thoughts and thinking and how they affect our emotions and behavior. It was also helped along by social psychology (understanding the complex ways in which individuals interact and think about each other) and attribution theory. When computer science and programing came along it provided the perfectRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1267 Words   |  6 Pagesin behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react. Through his article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it, He talked about the importance of the development of psychology. Even though he saw this development, he believed more research needed to be done on behavior. So, how does psychology influence the world? Through this behavioral approach, analyzing people’s behavior helps psychologists and others understand the desires of others and how different

Cloning Is Ethically Immoral And Should Never Be Done Essay

Reproductive human cloning is a form of asexual reproduction done in a lab, not by a sperm fertilizing an egg. This issue has been a hot topic for the past decade after Dolly the sheep was cloning in Scotland. Dolly was the first cloned mammal, whose very existence created much heat in the general public (Hansen, pg. 235, in Vaughn). Many people believe that cloning is ethically immoral and should never be done, but others think that scientific advances can greatly cure diseases. What is human cloning? Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. Human cloning allows advanced technology to take an initiative in fixing defective genes, however are the precautions taken of what the future has in store? Cloning should not be an acceptable process in today’s society. By making cloning acceptable, we are saying that everyone has the right to make a replica of them or give permission for others to be cloned. We are also saying that other cloning methods will have the approval of the community and will be acceptable, yet morally so many religions would disapprove of this method. Picture this. A couple walks into a hospital and finds out that the baby they are having has Down Syndrome. If the couple decides to alter the gene of the embryo, the baby would be artificially made instead of natural. The concept of altering genes and human cloning is morally wrong because of the possibility of aging faster, loss of individuality, and religious and ethical viewShow MoreRelatedEssay The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1409 Words   |  6 Pagesto better the lives of those living, but at what cost? In their articles â€Å"Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Pro and Con,† by author Dan W. Brock; â€Å"The Ethical Implications of Guman Cloning,† by Michael J. Sandel; â€Å"Theriputic Human Cloning Is Ethical,† by Ian Wilmut and Roger Highfield; and various other articles, each author discusses his or her view on the morality of stem cell research and its use for human cloning. Kantian deontology is defined as treating the individual as more than a meansRead MoreHuman ´s Desire for Knowledge Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesseen ethically right in one century can be considered completely unethical in the next. The first scenario, takes into account ethical behavior in school. My dad for example, when he was a young kid in school he would get beaten for any misdemeanors during class, this included striking fingers with rulers or pulling ears. At that time it was acceptable for authority to execute punishments over students whether it was physical or not. Therefore at that time their knowledge to what was ethically rightRead MoreThe Importance Of Science In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1927 Words   |  8 PagesVictor, Shelley shows her readers that disrupting nature can result in unforeseen circumstances. In today’s society, science is being used irresponsibly and has pushed boundaries, wh ich has resulted in cloning, loss of lives, and isolation. Shelley’s novel relates the message that humankind should be held responsible for their actions because it could turn the situation around or stop something worse from happening. Today, humankind has little regard for what could happen because society is moreRead MoreEthics3978 Words   |  16 Pagesthink ethically and to understand why others think the way they do and how to come to a better understanding of a difference of opinions on various subjects. Analytical Skills Analytical skill building helps to improve your critical reading, writing and thinking skills. In unit 2 Case Study B, I evaluated a situation where an employee was upset with his employer’s treatment of its employees. In analyzing the situation, I was able to come to an understanding of how best the company should respectRead MoreEssay about The Morals and Ethics of Genetic Engineering3310 Words   |  14 Pagesare left to question whether the change brought on by such a discovery bring benefits and positive change, or damage and destruction. Genetic engineering is justified through applied bioethics and despite arguments against its societal implantation, should be fully utilized in efforts to develop into the 21st century. Genetic engineering refers to the technology used to alter and transport genomes and organisms, effectively shaping them to the desire or will of the geneticist. Genetic engineering canRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pagesin this are: †¢ Honour our father and your mother, that you may have a long life in the land which the lord, your God, is giving you. †¢ You shall not kill †¢ You shall not commit adultery †¢ You shall not steal †¢ You should not bear false witness against your neighbours †¢ You shall not cover your neighbour’s house. You shall not covet your neighbours wife, nor his male or female slave, nor his ox or ass, nor anything else that belongs to him. Tradition inRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesimportant subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with

Cultural competence free essay sample

This paper explores the Hmong peoples views toward medicine within the lens of their culture. It will take into account their history and also seek to explain the natural aversion these people have to most modern techniques in medicine. The Hmong people have a large immigrant population in the United States and represent unique challenges to most medical practitioners that can be used as a model to teach new methods of treating patients who may not understand western medicine. Understanding the Hmong is the first step in devising better techniques for nurses and other health professionals who seek to provide the best standard of care to all peoples in a safe, professional and cooperative way. Medical Views of the Hmong People: The Importance of Cross-Cultural Understanding As the United States becomes a more racially and ethnically diverse nation, health care systems and providers must adapt to be able to better care for patients with regard to their perspectives, values, and cultures. Of course, without the help of Josepha Campinha-Bacote theory, Buddhist Prayer in the hospital would not have been allowed. According to the article, â€Å"The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services: A Model of Care,† Josepha Campinha-Bacote mentioned a model that â€Å"requires health care providers to see themselves as becoming culturally competent rather than already being culturally competent. This process involves the integration of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounters, and cultural desire† ( Josepha Campinha-Bacote, 2010). Moreover, along the article, Campinha mentioned some Assumptions of the Model. There are five assumptions of the model: 1. Cultural competence is a process, not an event. 2. Cultural competence consists of five constructs: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounters, and cultural desire. 3. There is more variation within ethnic groups than across ethnic groups (intra-ethnic variation). 4. There is a direct relationship between the level of competence of health care providers and their ability to provide culturally responsive health care services. 5. Cultural competence is an essential component in rendering effective and culturally responsive services to culturally and ethnically diverse clients. Furthermore, when Campinha-Bacote was pursing her undergraduate nursing degree in Connecticut, she developed the developmental stages of this model back in 1969. During this time, there were conflict in race relations. â€Å"Being a second-generation Cape Verdean and raised in an exclusively Cape Verdean community,† Capinha-Bacote felt she did not fit in either of the groups. From there, that is when she explored the area of cultural and ethnic groups. After completing her baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral degrees in nursing, she continued her interest in cultural groups to the fields of transcultural nursing and medical anthropology. To fully understand the model, each model will be defined. First, Cultural Awareness is the self-examination and in-depth exploration of one’s own cultural and professional background. This method involves the recognition of ones biases, prejudices, and assumptions about individuals who are different. Second, Cultural Knowledge is the process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational foundation about diverse cultural and ethnic groups. To obtain this knowledge, the health care provider must focus on the integration of three specific issues: health-related beliefs and cultural values, disease incidence and prevalence, and treatment efficacy. Third, Cultural Skill is the ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client’s presenting problem as well as accurately performing a culturally based physical assessment. Here, this process involves learning how to conduct cultural assessments and culturally based physical assessments. Fourth, Cultural Encounter is the process that encourages the health care provider to directly engage in cross-cultural interactions with clients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Directly interacting with clients from diverse cultural groups will improve ones existing beliefs about a cultural group and will prevent possible stereotyping that may have occurred. Lastly, Cultural Desire is the motivation of the health care provider to want to, rather than have to, engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable, culturally skillful, and familiar with cultural encounters. Here, cultural desire involves the concept of caring. The constructs of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural encounters, and cultural desire have an interdependent relationship with each other, and no matter when the health care provider enters into the process, all five constructs must be addressed and/or experienced. Here, an example will be as follow for the reason of The Process of Cultural Competence. In the Orthodox Jewish community, there are many strict cultural guidelines that the women must obey to. When looking for treatment in the Orthodox Jewish law, it permits men and women from being alone together unless they are close family member, or married to each other. This law applies when the women is being examined by a physician or a health care provider. For the Orthodox Jewish woman, a female provider is preferable, but the woman will choose the provider she feels is qualified to provide her with the best quality of care and who has the best reputation in his/her field (Schnall, 2006). Spousal involvement in the delivery of a child is limited; a nurse may misunderstand a husband lack of support as being neglectful to his wife, the nurse is not being culturally sensitive to the Orthodox couple. The nurse must understand according to the Jewish laws, if a woman is unclean with mucous discharge, bloody show, or amniotic fluid, the husband must exit the room as he is not allowed stay in the room with his wife while she is being examined, unless she is fully covered and will not be exposed to him. To be considered clean again after childbirth or menstruation, the women must go to a ritual bath called the Mikveh. The Orthodox Jewish women must consult with their Rabbi for approval of procedures, treatments, amniocentesis, or elective cesarean sections. In such cases, Orthodox Jewish couples may call their rabbi to ask for guidance on the subject or to get a blessing from him that all will give the couple an approval within a matter. Overall, the model of cultural competence has been used as a framework for health care organization to offer culturally relevant services.

The Rights Of Punishment Essays - Punishments, Criminology

The Rights Of Punishment Wake Up Call Is this a hellish nightmare that I have to awaken from? Caged and confined, thinking and pondering, I wonder what human is this that he should be subjected to imprisonment that neither improves nor corrects his soul? Is there no compassion for restoring a man to contribute to this nation? Or does the dark side of humanity see offenders of the law as utter undesirables unworthy of aid and therapy? Society, I have been tried and sentenced. Serving time for violating the law is not supposed to be a picnic. But demoralizing and dehumanizing a man to the dust of the ground does not correct behavior that got him incarcerated in the first place. This only fuels the fire, a fire which, if not handled properly, will in time burn everything in its path. Now who is the real criminal? Cell 52514 Block 2-229 Crescent City Penitentiary Everyday, the American prison system becomes more crowded and over-burdened. Prison bed space cannot keep up with the prison population. While presidents and governors call for a ?tough stance? on crime, the infrastructure is inadequate to contain all offenders. However, even if there were enough room to fit every individual that commits a criminal act, would this be the best move for the community and the offender? Placing an individual into a prison removes them from the general population, thus making the society they live in safer. But, separating individuals in a community does indirectly injure the community as a whole. These individuals obviously are no longer contributing to the local economy, but on a basic level, their absence places a hole into a community. Offenders have been shaped by the values and practices of their community. So, even though an individual may have acted in a way that is unacceptable to their community, that person is still the product of his community . Therefore, communities must hold some of the burden for making people into who they are. So, prisons must do more then just contain offenders. A responsible society must make the effort to rehabilitate these individuals and make strides to re-connect them with the community. As Bill McKibben says, ?Isn't it time to focus harder on substantive problems, such as how do we build a society that doesn't destroy the planet by its greed, and doesn't ignore the weak and the poor (McKibben, p. 720).? Much attention has been given to issues of big business versus the environment. People can sympathize with this cause. Though it may not be as glamorous, it is just as important that society's addresses the needs of the less fortunate. Even though criminals who commit the most heinous crimes receive the majority of public attention, most offenders are not intrinsically evil or irreversible. Often they are weak individuals who may not have received the best upbringing or have instilled in them a set of values incompatible with the community. McKibben feels that it is important not to ignore these unfortunate individuals, and give them an opportunity to re-engage with society in a mutually acceptable way. Therefore, prisons need to train offenders to exist with the rest of society. In the book, C-Unit, the authors suggest that prisons fulfill a certain role. The modern prison is asked to perform three tasks: (1) to make explicit in action that the community will not tolerate certain destructive behaviors; (2) to protect the community, for at least temporary periods of time; and (3) to prepare such persons to be responsible members of the community when they are released from prison. (Studt, Messinger and Thomas, p. 3) By containing prisoners within the confines of a jail, they are removed from the community at large, thus protecting the community. In addition, by making this prison stay punishment, inmates, for the most part, realize that they acted in a way that was unacceptable. Preparing individuals for re-integration into society is where the role of a prison becomes complex. A prison stay is unlikely to reform any criminal if it only means that they are separated from the community and there is no drive to change. The first change that needs to be addressed is on the value system of an inmate. Without this, it is only superficial to urge