Essay --

Growing up, our parents are always telling us that doing drugs can have bad consequences in our lives. Many films in today’s film industry are portraying drugs as the cause of an amazing time accidently encouraging that the use of drugs is totally fine. Requiem for a Dream is directed by Darren Aronofsky. This film shows that utilizing drugs can be all fun in games, but will lead to a very destructive destruction that can affect the drug user and everyone in the addicts surrounding. The movie shows the struggle that four individuals go through to overcome such a strong drug addiction. Aronofsky was very creative when presenting the subject matter; he used certain cinematography, themes, and directorial techniques to tell the audience the story. The film shows us four characters all affected by drug addiction and their struggles to overcome it. Sara Goldfarb is an older woman who is addicted to television and eventually turns to dieting pills when she becomes self-conscious about her weight. Harry is a heroin addict. His girlfriend Marion is also fighting an addiction that leads her to prostitution to satisfy her addiction. Tyrone is a drug dealer. Sara ends up in a facility for the mentally ill, Tyrone ends up in jail, and Harry loses his arm to a horrible infection. The characters lives end up taking a turn for the worst. Symbols are found all within the film. The movie went through three different seasons. Summer is a symbol of life, and during this part of the movie the main characters didn’t have a care in the world and there were no consequences for any of their actions. For example, it’s the time that people are out having adventures that will lead to wonderful memories and at times trouble. The movie started out just like ... ...closes ups that added lots of emphasis when they would inject the drug. These just being a few of the editing techniques they used on the film. Requiem for a Dream in my point of view was exceptional. It was depressing but to be honest that was the point of the movie. When beginning to watch this movie people should make sure their emotions are on neutral because if upset it can make things worse. I really enjoyed how it brought all the elements a film need to create a unique production. I definitely need to see a few more of Aronofsky's films. Overall, the film had a profound impact on me. I honestly learned a lot and even though drugs are not a part of my life I learned that deep within a drug addict there is a reason why they walk the road of self-destruction. I really enjoyed it even though it was depressing, and I would recommend this film to anyone who hasn't

Freud’s Interpretation of Sophicles’ Oedipus Tyrannus Is Ridiculous

â€Å"Freud's interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus is ridiculous. † Discuss This essay will discuss the interpretation of Oedipus Tyrannus by Freud and whether his interpretation holds any weight in using it to aid his own theory, the Oedipus complex, or whether it was a ridiculous reading of the play itself. Freud’s theory will be explored first, before moving on to look at the interpretation itself. This will give a strong sense of how the Oedipus complex comes about in a young child and help in the discussion as to whether Oedipus may have been fulfilling this unconscious desire.The discussion will also touch upon Freud’s belief that it is his own theory that explains the reason for the play’s long-lasting success. Sigmund Freud is the father of a branch of psychology that he named psychoanalysis, as well as having a tremendous influence in how modern psychology has developed since the turn of the 20th Century. Freud was born on May 6th 1856. The first reference to Freud having used Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus to help strengthen his theory of the Oedipus complex, which is explained below, and also the first mention of the Oedipus complex altogether comes in 1900 in Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams.However, in The Interpretation of Dreams the theory is clearly only just beginning to be devised by Freud as it is not until 1910 that the term ‘Oedipus compex’ is first used. To be able to understand Freud’s interpretation of Oedipus Tyrannus it is vital to grasp what the Oedipus complex actually refers to. Before discussing the Oedipus complex it is important to discuss the earlier psychosexual development of a child, which leads into the development of the Oedipus complex. The first two stages, or the ‘pregenital’ stages, begin very early in life.The first is the oral stage, unsurprisingly, as infants first derive sexual pleasure primarily through the mouth; such as ta sting, sucking, and making sounds. This stage is followed by the anal stage, in which the infant has discovered the anus. This stage is focused on the control of the self and gives the infant the first opportunity to gain a sense of independence and achievement through learning to control the bowel and bladder. With the next stage, the phallic stage, the Oedipus complex tarts becomes apparent. It is during this time that the infant discovers the difference between a boy and girl, the boy begins to see the father as a rival for his mother’s affections, but also develops a fear of the father becoming a rival for the mother’s affections. Alongside these developments the child finds the genital area as an erogenous zone. The ‘castration complex’ can develop throughout this period and it is important to think of the male and female child as, ‘with penis’ or ‘castrated’, relatively.Freud believed that the male child saw the female child as a castrated boy and thus the result of, what seemed to be common in the turn of the century, the threat of parents telling young boys to stop playing with their genitals or they will be cut off. The young boy now believes that the father becomes a real threat to the affections for his mother. Between the age of four and five, Freud believed that the young child develops sexual feelings for his mother, and alongside this wants to have complete possession of her and thus hostile feelings develop towards the father.However, the possibility of castration that the young boy has understood to be seen in the naked girl, poses a horrific possibility to the boy. With the loss of his penis at stake, as in the young boy’s mind this is the form of retaliation the father will take to any hostile action from the child, the boy focuses his attention towards other feminine sources for sexual satisfaction. This is the Oedipus complex laid out as unimpeded development of the young boy and variations to this development through childhood is how Freud can explain ‘abnormal’ sexual behavior.For the young girl the Oedipus complex follows a different path once the difference between boy and girl has been realised. The lack of a penis is seen, through the young girl’s eyes, as the fault of her mother, because of this the girl moves away from the need to possess the mother and begins to long for the father in a similarly sexual manner and the wish for him to impregnate her. It is the resulting child that Freud imagines can ‘cure’ the girl of her ‘penis envy’ seeing the baby as a replacement for the missing organ.For Freud however the female never really surpasses this stage of penis envy. With Freud’s interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus it is the male side of the Oedipus complex that is discussed. It is obvious that Oedipus indeed performs the actions that one would attribute to the desires of the Oedipus complex being fulfilled: The murder of his father and the sexual union with his mother. Freud’s interpretation, however, seems to conveniently ignore certain aspects of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus, which upon inspection provide obstacles for Freud’s theory to navigate.In the development of his theory on the Oedipus complex, Freud undertook a great deal of self analysis and as such it is questionable as to how generalised his thoughts can be used to understand the human development. Freud had seen the play Oedipus Tyrannus and; â€Å"saw himself in a very concrete sense as Oedipus. † With this in mind Freud’s interpretation of Oedipus Tyrannus is not lessened in itself, but this does have bearings on his interpretation as proof of the Oedipus complex. Tragedy, as in all art forms, is open to interpretation no matter what the original artist intended as the meaning.For Freud, Oedipus represents the fulfilment of the early sexual desires towards the mother and the aggressive behaviour towards the father. However, that Oedipus does not know that these two people are his biological parents seems to belittle Freud’s use of Oedipus as an exemplum for his theory. Freud’s use of Oedipus is meant to show that the Oedipus complex â€Å"transcends time and place. † That Oedipus has a lack of knowledge of his true parents doesn’t seem to affect Freud in his use of Oedipus in this way. In my opinion, however, this use is severely at odds to the point that Freud attempts to make.A child, according to the Oedipus complex, that grew up with non-biological parents should have had little to no effect upon the early stages that lead to the development of the Oedipus complex, thus little to no effect upon the complex itself. Oedipus was sent away as an infant to be killed, but instead grew up with different parents. This, therefore, gives no reason to think that the idea that Oedipus sleeping with his biological mothe r and killing his biological father is the Oedipus complex realising itself within Oedipus.The interpretation by Freud seems to have used the popularity of Oedipus Tyrannus, at the time he was developing his theory, to help in popularising and explaining the Oedipus complex. Although Freud himself seems to have believed that Oedipus was, indeed, a good example of his theory: Broken down simply his argument runs, 1. There is a universal psychological conflict (Oedipus complex), as I have discovered in my clinical experience. 2. This is confirmed by a drama which has universal effectiveness. 3.Why this drama is universally effective can only be understood if my hypothesis is correct. This reference to why the drama is universally effective is Freud’s belief that the play in itself is not that challenging a concept. According to Freud it is only if his theory is correct that the ability of Oedipus Tyrannus to have had the â€Å"universal power to move† at all. This scient ific sounding argument leaves little option for Freud to be wrong, as the play has indeed enjoyed thousands of years of success.This, however, is according to Freud. Freud’s interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus seems to continually leave absolutely no room for a lack of the Oedipus complex being present. Throughout Freud seems to have missed what many people miss in Oedipus Tyrannus, Some readers of the Oedipus Rex have told me that they find its atmosphere stifling and oppressive: they miss the tragic exaltation that one gets from Antigone or the Prometheus Vinctus. They miss the courage of Oedipus, he knows of his fate and yet he carries on.His blinding represents the fumbling of humanity for the truth in the world and it is in this strength portrayed Oedipus that one can gain the tragic exaltation normally expected from a Tragedy. Freud’s interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus cannot be said to be an outright ridiculous interpretation. It is clear to see, when looking at the Oedipus complex, that Oedipus fulfils the exact fantasy of the young ‘Freudian’ boy. The Killing of his father and having a sexual relationship with his mother, however, when the interpretation is looked at closely it is obvious to see that there are clear flaws.The process of the development of the Oedipus complex cannot occur properly if one of the parents is absent from childhood, let alone both of them. Oedipus fulfils the fantasy of the young boy, but with the ‘wrong’ parents, even though they are his biological parents. The idea that the Oedipus Tyrannus portrays the idea that no matter who, where, or when we exist, the complex is inescapable even if it remains in the subconscious ‘is’ ridiculous. If this was the case then it would have been the king and queen of Corinth that were involved in this play, Oedipus’ adoptive parents.That Freud felt a great similarity between himself and Oedipus i s not ridiculous, in and of itself, it is the belief that his own self-analytical thoughts and the actions of Oedipus are actually similar that brings the interpretation into question. Oedipus acted without knowledge of his true parents, whereas Freud knew his parents and is discussing fantasy from childhood as opposed to actual action. The idea that Freud’s theory provides a reason for Oedipus Tyrannus’ success is definitely ridiculous in nature. Oedipus is the representative of the, albeit tragic, character of perseverance.He knows his fate yet carries on to find the truth, even after he has blinded himself he does not rest until he has made it to the site where he is prophesied to come to peace. Freud’s interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus has many ridiculous aspects to it, but the use to which Freud uses his interpretation does retain an aspect of credibility. Bibliography * Armstrong, R. H. Oedipus as Evidence: http://www. clas. ufl. edu/ips a/journal/articles/psyart1999/oedipus/armstr01. htm (1998) * Gay, P the Freud reader (Vintage 1995) * Storr, A. Freud, A very short introduction (Oxford Uni. Press 1989) * Dodds, E. R.On misunderstanding the Oedipus Rex Ed. E. Segal (Oxford Uni. Press 1983) * Simon, B. And Blass, R. The development and vicissitudes of Freud’s ideas on the Oedipus complex Ed. Neu, J (Cambridge Uni. Press 1991) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gay (1995) xxxi [ 2 ]. Gay (1995) 273 [ 3 ]. Storr (1989) 33 [ 4 ]. Storr (1989) 34 [ 5 ]. Simon and Blass (1991) 170 [ 6 ]. Simon and Blass (1991)171 [ 7 ]. Oedipus as Evidence: http://www. clas. ufl. edu/ipsa/journal/articles/psyart1999/oedipus/armstr01. htm (1998) [ 8 ]. Oedipus as Evidence: http://www. clas. ufl. edu/ipsa/journal/articles/psyart1999/oedipus/armstr01. htm

Concepts of The City

Crowded, overwhelming, hard work, polluted, stressful and chaotic. Not only words frequently used to describe western cities in a post-modern era, but also concepts portrayed through David Williamson's play â€Å"Corporate Vibes†. The city is definitely a diverse place. There is not one phrase that can entirely describe a city, as its image is shaped not only through its aesthetic nature, but also the people who make it up, and the industries that it is well known for. People's perceptions of the city vary with experience. Therefore many texts are opinionated. Even Leo Meier's stunning photograph of Sydney Harbour was carefully planned to produce a flawless representation of the city. It is clearly evident the city is a source of inspiration to composers. There are a vast range of texts featuring the city as a central element, which all convey varying images, ranging from iniquity to modernity, sexuality, beauty and freedom. Corporate Vibes by David Williamson is a play centralised around a city environment. It is my belief the text inadequately portrayed the whole concept of the city, as Williamson stereotyped not only his characters, but focused his entire approach on business life – as unrealistic as it was. The corporate world is definitely a major component associated with the city, yet it is just one aspect of the typical civilized society. Williamson attempts to humour sympathetic audiences with the central theme a conflict between the traditional autocratic mode of management and modern schools of intervention. He presents an idealistic organisational theory within the practical reality of corporate power structures, which itself contributes as a source of humour to the familiar city-dweller. The whole structure of a company is emphasised on a small scale by the composer. A Chief Executive Officer exists as well as a Marketing and Sales Manager, and the Human Resources and Equal Opportunities Officer. This prevalent business structure is used to identify with an audience, and satirize the often inefficient strategies used in the play. Williamson also focused on the specific jobs, training and connections that are unique to the city, and are rarely seen in country towns. The company â€Å"Siddons Residential† designs apartments to fit the cityscape, and thus this whole notion is very much an urban issue. When discussing selling characteristics of apartments, the character of Megan mentioned, â€Å"People are sick of social isolation†¦ the new move is towards connectedness, community, interaction†. This highlights the idea of anonymity and alienation in the city, which can be viewed on both a positive and negative basis. It can be very comforting to walk down the street and know not one person has any idea as to who you are; yet this can also be a very lonely thought. Sexual freedom is a subject, which in itself can lead to isolation. Freedom in this manner is suggested several times throughout the play, especially in reference to James Glenby, who Sam refers to as â€Å"†¦ the Oberfuhrer and great gay God of all things†¦. † The management team also need to be very understanding when Brian expresses his aspiration to become an interior designer. It is often considered effeminate for a male to enter such a profession, so Brian's colleagues were mindful to be particularly sensitive when he expressed his aspirations to create his own unique style, – a style which can only be found in the city. This freedom of sexual expression is more firmly demonstrated by the liberty felt by minority groups in the city, such as homosexuals who express their uniqueness in such festivals as the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gra. Pressure to perform in a job is a significant issue in the corporate world. Stress over the possibility of losing a job is constantly seen in the city where competitiveness is incredibly high. The character of Brian mentioned a typical complaint by employees, when he stated â€Å"†¦ Flat structures. Get rid of middle management. Save costs by getting three times the work from half the staff. † This idea of cutting jobs and thus overheads is rather a taboo amongst staff. Sam realized this problem, when he commented, â€Å"When guys hit fifty they're finished†¦ everyone gets rid of them these days. † It is obvious this pressure originates from highly competitive work environments which advocate a ‘healthy' struggle, for both jobs, and market share. Companies are out to make a profit, and have no issue with culling â€Å"dead wood†, as there will always be younger, more technologically advanced workers ready to fill empty places, and willing to work for less. The character of Sam summed up this idea when he remarked, â€Å"Feelings have nothing to do with business – you either perform, or you don't perform†. Sam had no time for Deborah – ironically the EEO officer, who is an Aboriginal woman. Sam is faced with the issues of multiculturalism and political correctness – matters that are ubiquitous in the city environment. Programs such as Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity, aim to give people of all backgrounds and gender a chance in the working world. It is only in city areas, that such a necessity is recognised; and this whole notion has been incorporated in the play by both the race and gender of particular characters. Acceptance of diversity is essential in an urban environment, for life to run comparatively smoothly. The corporate relationship between Deborah and Sam was constantly a hostile one, because he could not accept Deborah as a serious working associate due to her background and qualifications. Especially considering the city is such a large place in population, the acceptance of others is important to both a company and a city itself . Relationships must be maintained for the good of efficiency and productivity. People constantly rely on each other, and without people there would be no city. Even thousands of years ago, this notion was still respected. The philosopher Aristotle criticized Plato's idea that the greater the unity of the state the better, when he remarked, â€Å"A city only comes into being when the community is large enough to be self-sufficing. If self-sufficiency is to be desired, the lesser degree of unity is more desirable than the greater. † Of course self-sufficiency is only achieved through co-operation and cohesion. What good is a large city if it will not work together? Here, Aristotle is essentially commenting that it is more beneficial to have a smaller unit of people working together in a community, rather than a large group moving in opposing directions. Thus differences need to be overcome through acceptance, for people to collaborate and for a city to function. This stress and chaotic life experienced in the city can be contrasted by the perfect images often presented in travel brochures and on postcards. Leo Meier's untitled photograph of Sydney Harbour is one such example. The text depicts the city to be a magnificent, aesthetic place, which is still in touch with nature. The setting of dusk captures the moment when the city is just beginning to come alive, and is by no means peaceful after a long day. The composer has intended the city to be portrayed as continuous, yet an icon of beauty, which is distinctly Australian. The impression expressed by the image is that of vigilance and a never-sleeping city, yet one which has a famous nightlife and festive atmosphere. The working life by day has disappeared, and the social side of the city is just being revealed. The wide lens used, which has created a panoramic view, captures the sheer expanse of the Harbour. The water itself inspires a sense of calm, as it appears somewhat like glass, reflecting the chaos of the city nightlife above. The Harbour contrasts the city to emphasise Sydney's chaotic nature and the element that is never sleeping. The array of colours, the lighting used, and vantage point all stress the connection between the city and its historic and natural components. Corporate Vibes is simply centred on the internal and external struggles encountered by a company in the workforce, where as this photograph demonstrates the relationship between the economy and the city's aesthetic qualities found in nature and historical structures. Although Corporate Vibes focused on challenges and difficulties encountered in the workplace, its perception was not entirely negative. The poem ‘City Trip' by Cynthia L Hoefling, is rather damning about the city in general, with the text centralising its main theme on depression and hopelessness. Despite this feature, the composer also attempts to create compassion for a city, in the midst of expressing pathos and negativity. The author personifies the city so that it can be compared to a mother, which is evident in the line â€Å"†¦ I have seen her weep for her children†. A once happy and lively place, now the city has been undermined by the evil of its inhabitants and their apathetic attitude, transforming it into a threatening, unnatural and lonely area. In the poem, the negative elements are seen to destroy the city's aesthetic and cultural beauty, not so much that the audience comes to despise it, but more so feels sorrow for a potentially vivacious and striking feature of a nation. The poet portrays the city in a critical state, as depicted by the line â€Å"†¦ eon lights flashing with urgency†. Unwelcome industries have invaded this centralised area. The prostitutes are described as â€Å"pooling like tears†, giving an impression of a great puddle, with each individual an insignificant, identical portion. What legitimate industry does exist is depersonalised, especially in the phrase â€Å"blind businessmen†¦ in their world of grey and green†, which signifies homogeny, drudgery and conformity, while the colour green symbolises the dirty colour of money – a frequent drive for a city. Ending the poem with the emphasis of architecture, described as â€Å"brick, steel and stone†, Hoefling has stressed the meaning to the poem – that the city is a lonely, depressing and futile place to live. The futility of a city is expressed nowhere as vividly as the modern appropriation of Little Red Riding Hood, titled ‘Scarlet'. The text gives a very interesting view of the City of Sydney. The story focuses on the drug and sex industry of the city, as well as its speed and corruption. The phrase â€Å"Electric neon pulsed across the footpath†¦ signs flashing Live Sex, Pussycat, Love Machine†¦ contrasts the innocence, which would normally be associated with the life of an 11 year old. Scarlet was exposed to lesbians, prostitutes, and drug users. Every negative aspect a city could possibly possess, the author focuses on. No beauty can be found in the image portrayed – which is an image created to disturb. Dirty – morally, socially and physically, the city is illustrated as a repulsive place – a representation which can be contrasted with Leo Meier's photograph of the Harbour, which gives a flawless image of the city. The story emphasises a dark and disturbing element, in which anonymity can be a dangerous aspect. The concept of being a stranger, and thus being surrounded by strangers is a hazardous situation for Scarlet, who is lulled into a false sense of security by the ‘policeman' – a figure of society that ironically symbolises protection. Represented as the modern jungle, the city is seen as an environment in which it is essential to possess knowledge in order to survive. Scarlet saved herself from the rapist by injecting him with an overdose of drugs. The disturbing aspect is that she learnt the method and amount to use from her mother and grandfather who are both drug users. The city is not only seen as a sexual centre evident by the live shows, services and the sinister rapist, but it is also a commercial hub, still attracting tourists. The author refers to the â€Å"large red and white Coca Cola sign† at the cross, and the cars â€Å"crawling between traffic lights†. This story acts as an unhealthy contrast to the many glowing representations of the city – especially of Sydney. Drug use is apparent, and even prevalent in Kings Cross, but sex, drugs and crime is not all what the city stands for. This text in my opinion has failed to so much as touch on any positive aspects of the city. Although it has fulfilled its purpose of a good appropriation, the author has intentionally omitted any good qualities Sydney boasts. The Lands Department, Macquarie Place Sydney is a remarkable building that possesses historic beauty amongst a chaotic built-up area. As one of Sydney's oldest buildings that represents heritage and culture, it is no wonder why Roland Wakelin chose this structural feature of Sydney as the subject matter for his landscape painting. The emphasis on architecture suggests the recognition of the pride and beauty of the city. There is no evident sign of litter in the artwork, and a significant absence of congestion by cars and other conspicuous high-rises. The poem ‘City Trip' represents the city in an urgent state. The surreptitious nature of the city is expressed by the impoverished homeless and the desperation of the prostitutes. This is in contrast to Wakelin's artwork, which presents the city as an exposed, yet rather harmonious place. The dull colours, along with the pale blues, deep reds and charcoals illustrate a quiet and serene quality. Since the artwork was composed 57 years ago, it is evident much of the city has changed. Many people believe this change is for the worst. However my perception of the city is somewhat in between. I realise that no city is perfect, yet I believe every city has at least sone positive attributes. It is possibly just the number of these that may vary. In my eyes, the concepts of the city differ dramatically. The element of the corporate world does exist in most cities, yet for a person who is educated five days a week in the city, my perception will of course be persuaded by what Sydney has to offer. I see the city as an energetic and every changing place. It is true crime and immorality exists, and I accept this notion, however my experiences have led me to feel that isolation is not a problem, and anonymity is a positive characteristic. I sense freedom of all categories is extensive, whether it is freedom of sexuality, or the expression of unique style. Personally I could never call the heart of the city ‘home'. I adore the city, especially Sydney, yet I believe the mind needs to take time to relax and unwind – and to me the city is not a tranquil and soothing place.

How does Priestley present the theme of responsibility in “An Inspector Calls” Essay

The play ‘An Inspector Calls’ is a political satire written by a devoted socialist, J.B Priestley – an ex-soldier who fought in World War I. The play was set in 1912, 2 years prior to World War I; however it was written and published in 1945 – just after world war II. Priestley uses this time difference effectively to emphasise the British society of 1912, where there were firm class and gender barriers; Priestly detested this and was passionate towards the need of collective responsibility – he believed that if there was no change, the consequence would be ‘blood, fire and anguish’. Nonetheless most of these barriers were violated by 1945; Priestly wanted to make the most of these changes. Throughout his play, he influences his audience of 1945 to take advantage of the opportunity the end of the war had set them to reform an enhanced, more compassionate society. J.B Priestly portrays Mr. Arthur Birling as an arrogant, hard-headed, selfi sh capitalist who is only concerned about his reputation. Priestley intentionally exaggerates this character to corroborate his own political agenda. Birling’s thoughts towards socialist ideologies about the significance of community is ‘nonsense’ and that â€Å"a man has to make his own way†. This indicates that he has no interest whatsoever in social responsibility – through his business or his family. In Act One, Mr Birling dictates his predictions for what he thinks is going to happen in the future. He states that â€Å"The world’s developing so fast it’ll make war impossible.† the readers already know that World War I and II have already taken place. Furthermore, he says that the Titanic is ‘absolutely unsinkable’; the audience already know that t he Titanic has sunk. Moreover, he believes that there will be ‘peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere’. To the audience of 1945, this character would have been viewed as laughably optimistic and short -sighted; however these were common assumptions of those living in 1912. Priestley does this to show the lack of responsibility Capitalists had for predicting what will happen in the future and causes the audience to doubt whatever Mr Birling says because he could be wrong once more.

The US Governments Websites Design Research Paper

The US Governments Websites Design - Research Paper Example Looking at the web page of Department of Health and Human Services, it is impressive on first sight since the visual pictures showing medical related activities are displayed and this is consistent with the duties of the department (Information Resources Management Association   & Khosrowpour, 2002). Besides there are various options of access further detailed information from the bold headlines and systematic flow of directions. The title of the photo on this web page is talking about women’s contribution in science an indication that the website is always conforming to the current affairs. The website of U.S department of state is fairly comprehensive and systematic in presentation with most sensitive passport issue top on the title and careers related issues coming last. The smooth flow of pertinent Web Pages to the citizens makes very effective in communication to the people. Finally, the U.S department of Agriculture is presented with complete directory and location map that makes one to trace where it is from anywhere on Earth. It prioritizes food and nutrition then explores its various agencies. It even includes place for reports that manifests its appreciation of releasing periodic reports on various issues. These sites share common characteristic in giving a comprehensible webpage and directory backup which makes them to qualify under the website assessment criteria. That is, all of them are accurate, exudes authority, are objective, consistent with current issues and have wide coverage (International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making & Ehrgott, 2010). However, the web sites omit some essential features like e-mail address if need be. The exhaustive coverage of many issues on the websites is focused to the centrality of US in the world economy that makes it attract even international guests on its website. This is a label on the container of antacid. The design and pattern on it is very significant in how it communicates to the u ser or potential user (In Miller , Wyllie , Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations & Joint Commission Resources, 2006). Fig.1 The visual impression of the path of movement of the medication serves as the first attraction to people. The large fonts used in this label makes more conspicuous and speak louder to what it should be used for. The yellow part with clear information of â€Å"fast acting† reiterates to the user its effectiveness and this boosts the desire and hope of a person to getting relief as soon as it is prescribed and taken. Within the red background of the label is a brief but concise list of all the conditions it can serve to cure. The presentation of the label is brief to the point and even the color is captivating to all and sundry (Jedlicka, 2010). The audience to this information constitutes all the persons with ability to read English and this is inclusive of all age groups in the society who may directly or indirectly affected by a ny of the listed curable conditions.  

How successful was industrialization in Australia over the period 1950 Essay

How successful was industrialization in Australia over the period 1950 to 1973 - Essay Example (R8:3). The development of manufacturing is complicated. It involves a great variety of products, fragmentation of the industry, different markets between six states as well as a wide range of operations (R8:3). Industrialization of Australia first began with its heavy, complex and diversified manufacturing during the First World War. Since the Second World War it has become one of the most highly industrialized economies in the world (R6:182). Australia played a major role in promoting post-war industrialization; however, its welfare state interventions created a great barrier in its later manufacture development. The major growth phase of post war manufacturing development was between mid 1940s and late 1960s. In 1944, it announced that it â€Å"is ready for an adventurous expansion of secondary industries in the post-war period† (R5:15). This essay will examine Australian manufacturing development over the period 1950 to 1973 and the impact of industrialization during this period. Section one will examine the importance of industrialization to the Australian economy. Then, we examine success and impact of industrialization to the economy. This included the impact on employment, capital investment, public infrastructure, country import and export as well as the protection policies implemented by the state during this period. After examining the advantages brought by industrialization, the essay criticizes on the effectiveness of welfare state interventions to the Australian economy. During World War Two, Australian foreign debt was due to the sales of goods and services to the United States. This can be accounted for the high demand in food stuffs by other industrialized countries. A high price was paid for Australian primary products (R4). Its dependence on foreign capital rose. At that time, foreign investment, foreign technologies, foreign management, foreign

Juvenile delinquency and foster care Research Paper

Juvenile delinquency and foster care - Research Paper Example The dearth of studies of the effects of foster care, particularly its long-term effects, has been pointed out in the literature by several authors (Fanshel & Shinn, 2003; Geiser, 2001; Madison & Shapiro, 2001; Prosser, 2003; Wolkind, 2003). A recent review of research into fostering concluded that there is a lack of even the fundamental knowledge â€Å"about the intrinsic value of foster care itself† (Prosser, 2003, p. 31), and that the need to assess its long-term effects that was stressed by earlier reviewers (Dinnage & Kellmer Pringle, 2002) continues.If it is accepted that long-term effects can be defined as those effects of fostering that manifest themselves in the personal and social functioning of former foster children as adults, then only four studies appear to have been ever published on this subject in the professional literature. Further, only one of these was concerned with an inferential analysis of specific parameters of fostering (Meier, 2001). The parameters w ere age of child at placement and the number of different foster homes experienced by the child, and were found to be unrelated to the â€Å"social effectiveness† and â€Å"sense of well being† of the subjects as adults. The other studies indicated that, among children in state care, those who are fostered have the least convictions as adults (Ferguson, 2001); that fostering of boys who present a high risk of delinquency does not prevent their deviance as adults (McCord, McCord & Thurber, 2004); and that adults who were fostered in childhood have a somewhat higher incidence of marital breakdown.